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Biochemistry II > Fat Breakdown > Flashcards

Fat Breakdown Flashcards

1
Q

TAG

A

Tri Acyl Glycerol

3 FA attached to glycerol

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2
Q

Acyl- CoA

A

Fatty acid attached to CoA

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3
Q

Acetyl CoA

A

2 carbon Acyl group attached to CoA

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4
Q

Fat storage form

A

TAGS

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5
Q

Essential FA

A

Linoleic Acid

Linolenic Acid

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6
Q

FA are essential if we

A

Lack desaturated to form the fats

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7
Q

Fats are energy dense because

A

Triglycerides are highly reduced

Anhydrous (compact more)

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8
Q

Energy triglycerides yield

A

9kcal/g

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9
Q

Vast majority of TGs are stored in

A

Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue

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10
Q

Only ___ of TGs are stored in skeletal muscle fibers

A

1-2%

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11
Q

Stored fat droplets are coated with

A

Perilipins

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12
Q

Fat digestion in stomach occurs due to

A

Lingual and gastric lipases

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13
Q

_____ are biological detergents

A

Bile salts

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14
Q

___ decreases the size of fat droplets in digestion

A

Peristalsis

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15
Q

Chyme enters small intestine and is

A

Emulsified

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16
Q

Most fat digestion occurs due to

A

Pancreatic enzymes

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17
Q

Pancreatic lipase

A

Creates FFA and monoacylglycerol

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18
Q

Cholesterol esterase creates

A

FFA and cholesterol

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19
Q

Phospholipase A2 breaks down

A

Phospholipids

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20
Q

CCK is released from

A

Cells in small intestine

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21
Q

CCK promotes

A

Gall bladder release of bile

Pancreatic release of digestive enzymes

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22
Q

Secretin produced by

A

Intestinal cells

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23
Q

Secretin promotes

A

Pancreatic release of bicarbonate

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24
Q

___ absorb fat micelles

A

Enterocytes

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25
Q

FFA, monoacylglycerol, and degraded phospholipids are converted back to ___ and ___ once they are absorbed by enterocytes

A

TAGs and phospholipids

26
Q

___ are able to move into and out of enterocytes without modification

A

Short chain FA

27
Q

TAGs and cholesterol are packaged into __ to be transported in the body

A

Chylomicron

28
Q

Chylomicrons are released into

A

Lacteals

29
Q

Chylomicrons enter blood through

A

Subclavian vein

30
Q

Chylomicrons are made of a lipid core surrounded by

A

Phospholipids and apolipoproteins (B48)

31
Q

____ on chylomicrons bind ____ on surface of cells

A

Apo C-2

LPL (lipoprotein lipase)

32
Q

LPL is produced by

A

Muscle and fat cells

33
Q

____ results in an increase in skeletal muscle LPL

A

Exercise

34
Q

Lipolysis

A

Release of FA

35
Q

Hormones that stimulate Lipolysis

A

Epinephrine

Glucagon

36
Q

Hormones that inhibit Lipolysis

A

Insulin

37
Q

ATGL

A

Adipose triglyceride lipase

38
Q

HSL

A

Hormone sensitive lipase

39
Q

MGL

A

Monoacylglycerol lipase

40
Q

Acyltransferases

A

Opposite of lipases

Involved in triglyceride synthesis

41
Q

Overview of Fat Burning

A 
1. Mobilize 
Get FA off glycerol
2. Activate
Attache FA to Co A
3. Beta Oxidation 
Prepare molecule for Kreb’s 
4. Enter Aerobic System 
Krebs and ETS
42
Q

FA released into blood and bind to _____ for Transport

A

Serum albumin

43
Q

Glycerol shipped to liver converted to

A

DHAP

44
Q

Any FA entering muscle to be oxidized must be chaperoned by a protein ______, escorting it to the surface of the mitochondria

A

FABPC

Cytoplasmic fatty acid binding protein

45
Q

Steps of beta oxidation in the mitochondria

A
  1. Oxidation
  2. Hydration
  3. Oxidation
  4. Thiolysis
46
Q

To activate a FA, CoA must be attached to a FA to create Acyl CoA, via the enzyme

A

Acyl CoA Synthetase

47
Q

Linking CoA to the FA in FA activation occurs in the

A

Outer mitochondrial membrane

48
Q

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase complex consists of

A
  1. CPT I
  2. Acylcarnitine Translocase
  3. CPT II
49
Q

___ considered the rate limiting step in FA entering mitochondria

A

CPT I

50
Q

Results of beta oxidation

A
  1. FADH2
  2. NADH
  3. Acetyl CoA
  4. Acyl CoA is two carbons shorter each time you run Beta oxidation
51
Q

In unsaturated FA degradation, 2 additional enzymes are required

A
  1. Reductive

2. Isomerase

52
Q

Odd-chain FA degradation results in

A

Propionyl CoA

53
Q

Propionyl CoA can be converted to

A

Succinyl CoA

54
Q

Each round of beta oxidation releases

A

Acetyl CoA (2 carbon molecule)

55
Q

Acyl CoA synthetase

A

Activates the FA for Transport into the mitochondria

56
Q

Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase

A

First enzyme of OHOT

Oxidizes Acyl CoA

57
Q

Inhibitors of fat burning

A

Insulin
High energy charge (ATP)
NADH or FADH2

58
Q

Stimulators of fat burning

A

Epinephrine
Low energy charge
NAD or FAD

59
Q

Under the control of insulin and degrades DAGS to MAGs

A

HSL

60
Q

Acyl CoA is moved from cytosol into the matrix via ____ (uses CPTI, CPTII, and translocase)

A

Carnitine

61
Q

B oxidation of saturated fat results in production of __ NADH and ___ FADH2

A

1, 1

Biochemistry II (13 decks)

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