Exam 3: AA Metabolism

Question 1

AA metabolism occurs in

Answer 1

Muscle

Liver

Question 2

____ are absorbed faster than smaller AA

Answer 2

BCAA

Question 3

___ and ___ absorption is more efficient than free AA absorption

Answer 3

Di- and tri-peptide

Question 4

Once in enterocyte, peptides broken down into

Answer 4

Free AA for the blood

Question 5

Low energy charge:

AA is….

Answer 5

Oxidized to recreate ATP

Question 6

Low glucose:

AA is…

Answer 6

Sent to liver to turn into glucose

Question 7

High energy charge and lots of glucose:

AA is…

Answer 7

Sent to liver and turned into fat

Question 8

AA may also be used to synthesize

Answer 8

Protein

Question 9

Alpha AA can be broken down to

Answer 9

Amino group

Carbon skeleton (alpha keto acid)

Question 10

Ketoacids can be used to make

Answer 10

ATP
CO2
Glucose
Fat

Question 11

What happens to an alpha ketoacid depends on

Answer 11

Energy charge
Hormones
Glucose concentration
Tissue

Question 12

Liver can oxidize

Answer 12

Most of the 20 AA

Question 13

Muscle can only oxidize

Answer 13

LIVGAA

Question 14

Alanine alpha ketoacid

Answer 14

Pyruvate

Question 15

Glutamine/glutamate alpha ketoacid

Answer 15

Alpha ketoglutarate

Question 16

Asparagine/aspartate alpha ketoacid

Answer 16

OAA

Question 17

2 AA that cannot turn into glucose

Answer 17

Leucine

Lysine

Question 18

BCAAs

Answer 18

LIV

Question 19

Exercise creates ___ in muscle

Answer 19

Low energy charge

Question 20

Exercise uses the ___ cycle to release glucose into the blood

Answer 20

Glucose alanine cycle

Question 21

Pyruvate —-> alanine catalyzed by

Answer 21

Alanine transaminase (ALT)

Question 22

Pyruvate cleared in the liver by ___ in GNG

Answer 22

Pyruvate carboxylase

Question 23

___ maintainers blood glucose during exercise

Answer 23

Glucose alanine cycle

Question 24

Carbons in alanine came from

Answer 24

Muscle glycogen

Question 25

Alanine may provide __ energy during exercise

Answer 25

5%

Question 26

Low intensity exercise:
No change in ___
20% decrease in ___

Answer 26

Skeletal muscle alanine concentration

Skeletal muscle glutamate concentration

Question 27

Moderate exercise:
40% decreases in ___
Increase in ___

Answer 27

Skeletal muscle glutamate concentration

Alanine concentration

Question 28

Glutamine glutamate cycle is used to

Answer 28

Export Nitrogen from muscle to the liver, GI, and immune system

Question 29

___ adds nitrogen to glutamate to create glutamine

Answer 29

Glutamine synthetase

Question 30

___ hydrolyzes glutamine into glutamate

Answer 30

Glutaminase

Question 31

Most AA are released in direct proportion to relative occurrence in muscle protein EXCEPT

Answer 31

LIVGAA
Glutamine
Alanine

Question 32

Alanine and glutamine released ___ than taken in

Answer 32

More

Question 33

Alanine and glutamine are the most ____ ____ AA

Answer 33

Abundantly released

Question 34

LIVGAA are released ___ than taken in

Answer 34

Less

Question 35

Contains 2 Amino groups

Answer 35

Glutamine

Question 36

Glucogenic and ketogenic

Answer 36

PITT (sometimes threonine)

Question 37

Primarily exported by muscle

Answer 37

Alanine

Glutamine

Question 38

During exercise, muscle takes in ___ and releases __

Answer 38

Glutamate

Alanine

Question 39

Muscle often uses this AA for nitrogen donation

Answer 39

Glutamine