Exam 2: Glycogen

Question 1

Glycogen is the storage form of ____ in ___

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Animals

Question 2

Primary storage sites of glycogen

Answer 2

Liver

Skeletal muscle

Question 3

Polymer is called a

Answer 3

Granule

Question 4

Chains of glucose are connected by

Answer 4

Alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 5

Branch points of glycogen are formed by

Answer 5

Alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds

Question 6

Branching of glucose occurs about every

Answer 6

10 glucose residues

Question 7

Branching of glucose provides increased

Answer 7

Solubility

Question 8

Branching of glycogen provides easier access to

Answer 8

Glucose

Question 9

Maximal size of glycogen granule

Answer 9

55,000 glucose molecules

Question 10

Most glycogen granules are

Answer 10

“Mid- sized”

Question 11

Proglycogen is ___ to dietary carbs

Answer 11

More sensitive

Question 12

Proglycogen is synthesized more rapidly following

Answer 12

Post exercise glycogen depletion

Question 13

Macroglycogen is slower and ___

Answer 13

More constant

Question 14

Macroglycogen is responsible for

Answer 14

Carb loading

Question 15

Skeletal muscle ____ release glycogen

Answer 15

Cannot

Question 16

Liver ____ release glycogen

Answer 16

Can

Question 17

Amount of glycogen storage in skeletal muscle

Answer 17

400 gram s

Question 18

Liver glycogen storage

Answer 18

100 grams

Question 19

Muscle cells lack the enzyme needed to release ____

Answer 19

Glucose (glucose 6 phosphatase)

Question 20

Where is glycogen stored in a cell?

Answer 20

Cytosol

Question 21

5 steps of glycogen synthesis

Answer 21

1. Phosphorylate glucose
2. Make UDP-Glucose
3. Initiation
4. Elongation of the chain
5. Branching

Question 22

Enzyme that converts G6P to G1P

Answer 22

Phosphoglucomutase

Question 23

What molecule is used to initiate a chain

Answer 23

Glycogenin

Question 24

Glycogenin uses ____ to initiate a chain

Answer 24

Tyrosine

Question 25

Enzyme used to initiate a glycogen chain

Answer 25

Glycogen initiator synthase

Question 26

How many ATP equivalents used w/ each glucose added

Answer 26

3

Question 27

Enzyme used to elongate glycogen chain

Answer 27

Glycogen synthase (makes 1,4 bonds)

Question 28

Enzyme used in branching

Answer 28

Glycosyl 4:6 transferase (makes 1,6 bonds)

Question 29

Enzyme used in glycogen degradation that breaks off glucose and adds a P

Answer 29

Glycogen phosphorylase

Question 30

In degradation, G1P turns into ____ via _____

Answer 30

G6P; phosphoglucomutase

Question 31

Glycogen phosphorylase goes until ____ left until branch point

Answer 31

4 glucoses

Question 32

What enzyme removes outer 3 glucoses before the branch point

Answer 32

Glucosyl (4:4) transferase

Question 33

Enzyme that removes last glucose of branch

Answer 33

Amylo-a-(1,6)-glusosidase

Question 34

Glycogen synthase active when _____ and inactive when ____

Answer 34

Dephosphorylated; phosphorylated

Question 35

Glycogen phosphorylase active when ____ and inactive when ____

Answer 35

Phosphorylated; dephosphorylated

Question 36

Glycogen phosphorylase kinase function

Answer 36

Activates glycogen phosphorylase

Question 37

Glycogen phosphorylase kinase active when ____ and inactive when ____

Answer 37

Phosphorylated; dephosphorylated

Question 38

Phosphoprotein phosphatase function

Answer 38

Removes phosphates from glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, and glycogen phosphorylase kinase

Question 39

Phosphoprotein phosphatase activated by ___ and inactivated by ____

Answer 39

Insulin; glucagon