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Abnormal Psychology > F1 > Flashcards

F1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change patters of functioning

A

abnormal psychology

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2
Q

People who deviate from common behavior patterns or display odd or whimsical behavior, nonconformists, extreme interests, etc.

A

eccentrics

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3
Q

Author who found the concept of mental illness to be invalid, a myth, wrote book “The Myth of Mental Illness”

A

Thomas Szasz

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4
Q

Thomas Szasz primary argument

A

societies invent mental illness to control people

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5
Q

Famous humanist who gave us client-centered therapy, argued that there is no agreement for therapy or successful outcome

A

Carl Rogers

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6
Q

Famous author that says therapy has three important features

A

Jerome Frank

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7
Q

Jerome Frank’s three features of therapy

A

(1) someone is suffering who seeks relief, (2) trained socially acceptable healer, (3) series of contacts between sufferer and healer to feel better

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8
Q

Father of modern study of psychopathology, believed biological reasons caused mental illness

A

Johann Weyer

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9
Q

Individual in France who protested treatment of the mentally ill, took locks off asylum in Paris

A

Pinel

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10
Q

Famous advocate for mentall ill in England

A

Tuke

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11
Q

Father of American Psychiatry, part of the moral treatment movement in the 1800s

A

Benjamin Rush

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12
Q

Boston schoolteacher who advocated for more humane treatment for the mentally ill and called for creation of state hospitals

A

Dorothea Dix

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13
Q

Example of immoral outcome to biological approaches under the somatogenic perspective

A

eugenics

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14
Q

Philosopher who advocated for somatogenic perspective

A

Emil Kraeplin

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15
Q

Elimination through medical or other means of an individuals ability to reproduce

A

Eugenics

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16
Q

Example of new medications resulting from biological approach

A

psychotropic medications

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17
Q

Physician who would work with hysteria, no clear physical basis for ailment

A

Breuer

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18
Q

Primary proponent of psychoanalysis, proponent of outpatient therapy

A

Freud

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19
Q

Mental health practitioner who is a medical doctor specializing in medical disorders who can prescribe medications

A

psychiatrist

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20
Q

Type of practitioner who are seeking to discover universal laws about abnormal behavior and psychological functioning, nomothetic understanding

A

clinical researchers

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21
Q

Relating to the study or discovery of general scientific laws

A

nomothetic

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22
Q

Three ways to do research

A

descriptive (case study), correlational, experimental

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23
Q

Provides a detailed, interpretative description of a person’s life and psychological problems, may be biased

A

case study (descriptive research)

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24
Q

Research looking for a relationship between variables, uses statistical analysis of probability, cannot establish cause and effect

A

correlational method

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25
Q

Type of correlation study that Reveal the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population

A

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

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26
Q

Largest epidemiological study

A

Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study

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27
Q

Number of new cases of disorder in a period of time

A

incidence

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28
Q

Total number of cases in a period of time

A

prevalence

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29
Q

Type of correlation study that Involve observation of same individuals on many occasions over a long period

A

longitudinal studies

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30
Q

Correlational studies of many pairs of identical twins

A

twin studies

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31
Q

Correlational studies of many pairs of twins have suggested a link between what

A

genetic factors and certain psychological disorders

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32
Q

Only research method where we can discover cause and effect, independent variable is manipulated and effect on dependent variable is observed

A

experimental method

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33
Q

Experiments where nature creates the events, eg PTSD and earthquakes

A

natural experiments

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34
Q

Experiments that cannot be done on humans ethically, eg learned helplessness, Seligman dogs being shocked, panel with hole in it

A

analogue experiment

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35
Q

Experiments with only one person, measuring before and after manipulation

A

single subject experiments

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36
Q

Experiments called ABAB design where baseline is taken, then manipulation, then measure, then remove manipulation, then measure, then reintroduce manipulation, then measure, eg behaving children and rewards

A

reversal design

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37
Q

In science, the perspectives used to explain events are known as

A

MODELS or PARADIGMS

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38
Q

Chemicals that are released at synapses that carry messages between nerves, abnormal activity can cause mental disorders

A

Neurotransmitters

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39
Q

Mental disorders are sometimes related to abnormal chemical activity where

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (glands, hormones)

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40
Q

Three sources of biological abnormalities

A

Genetics, Evolution, Viral infections

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41
Q

Source of biological abnormalities that plays a part in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and other mental disorders

A

GENETIC INHERITANCE

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42
Q

Three types of biological treatment

A

drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, psychosurgery

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43
Q

Therapy for psychotropic medications in 1950s improved outlook for a number of mental disorders

A

DRUG THERAPY

44
Q

Biological treatment involving use of electrical current to induce grand mal seizure

A

ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT)

45
Q

Biological treatment that is used when all other treatments are exhausted, historical roots in trephination or lobotomy

A

PSYCHOSURGERY (OR NEUROSURGERY)

46
Q

Form of psychosurgery used to treat obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Cingulotomy

47
Q

Psychological philosophy that argues that normal or abnormal behavior is determined largely by conflict among underlying, unconscious, dynamic interacting psychological forces, id, ego, superego

A

psychodynamic model

48
Q

New psychodynamic theorists who emphasize the role of the ego; consider it independent and powerful, minimize importance of conflict between id and ego

A

EGO THEORISTS

49
Q

New psychodynamic theorists who emphasize the unified personality

A

SELF THEORISTS

50
Q

Name of notable self-theorist, emphasized unified personality, concept of self which Kohut never defined, basic motivation is to strengthen wholeness of self

A

Hans Kohut

51
Q

New psychodynamic theorists who emphasize the human need for relationships, especially between children and caregivers, abnormal behavior can be traced to problems with caregivers

A

OBJECT-RELATIONS THEORISTS

52
Q

General goals of psychodynamic therapies

A

uncover past trauma, conflict, put it in the table, therapist acts as interpreter and explains, therapist is “subtle guide”

53
Q

Four psychodynamic therapy techniques

A

free association, therapist interpretation, catharsis, working through

54
Q

Psychodynamic therapy technique that involves talking about whatever comes into head without editing

A

free association

55
Q

Psychodynamic therapy technique that involves therapist explaining symbolic meaning of things, making conscious what is in the unconscious, involves resistance, transference, and dream interpretation

A

therapist interpretation

56
Q

Unconscious refusal to participate in therapy, comes from unconscious

A

resistance

57
Q

Projection of patient’s issues onto the therapist, eg dealing with male therapist in same way as bad father

A

transference

58
Q

Therapy technique that involves working out significant issues and reaching resolution, like weight is lifted off chest

A

catharsis

59
Q

Therapy technique that involves repeatedly going over a single issue with the goal of increasing clarity with each iteration, used to take years, shorter timelines now

A

working through

60
Q

Therapy technique that involves choosing one problem and working on it for a shorter period of time

A

short-term psychodynamic therapy

61
Q

Psychodynamic therapy in which therapist becomes entwined in therapy, breaks therapeutic distance, therapist expresses personal beliefs and reactions, all part of therapy

A

relational psychoanalytic therapy

62
Q

Goal of behavioral therapy

A

identify problematic behaviors and replace them with appropriate ones

63
Q

Role of therapist in behavioral therapy

A

teacher rather than healer

64
Q

Classical conditioning treatments may be used to change abnormal reactions to particular stimuli

A

SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION

65
Q

Three steps to systematic desensitization

A

(1) progressive muscle relaxation, (2) hierarchy of fears, (3) small steps combining relaxation and moving through hierarchy of fears

66
Q

Model with emphasis on people as friendly, cooperative, and constructive; focus on drive to self-actualize through honest recognition of strengths and weaknesses

A

humanistic view

67
Q

Proponent of client-centered therapy

A

Rogers

68
Q

Summary of Rogers’ Humanistic Theory and Therapy

A

Presents basic human need to receive UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD early in life to develop UNCONDITIONAL SELF-REGARD

69
Q

Therapy approach in which therapist guides clients toward self-recognition through challenge and frustration

A

Humanistic Gestalt approach

70
Q

Developer of Humanistic Gestalt approach

A

Fritz Perls

71
Q

Often the first contact between a client and a clinician/assessor; used to collect detailed information especially personal history, about a client

A

Clinical Interviews

72
Q

Type of interview in which clinicians ask open-ended questions

A

UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW

73
Q

Type of interview in which clinicians ask prepared questions, often from a published interview schedule

A

STRUCTURED INTERVIEW

74
Q

Component of a structured interview to determine if someone is oriented to time and pace

A

mental status exam

75
Q

Three limitations of clinical interviews

A

May lack validity or accuracy, May contain interviewer bias or mistakes in judgment, May lack reliability

76
Q

Tests from psychodynamic theory that require that clients interpret vague or ambiguous stimuli or follow open-ended instruction, eg Rorschach Test, Thematic Apperception Test, Sentence completion test, Drawings

A

PROJECTIVE TESTS

77
Q

Projective test in which narrative responses to ambiguous pictures reflect the individuals’ own circumstances, needs, and emotions

A

THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST (TAT)

78
Q

A mental process by which a person makes sense of an idea by assimilating it to the body of ideas he already has

A

apperception

79
Q

Projective test that is not accurate for diagnosis and a bear to score, involves interpreting inkblots and images

A

Rorschach Test

80
Q

Projective test which provides springboard for discussion and a quick and easy way to pinpoint topics to explore

A

SENTENCE-COMPLETION TEST

81
Q

Common sentence completion test

A

Rotter’s Incomplete Sentences

82
Q

Projective test which provide means for clinician to assess functioning, especially with children

A

DRAWINGS

83
Q

Type of drawing test in which you draw a person, person of opposite sex

A

draw-a-person test

84
Q

Type of drawing test in which you draw a picture of your family members

A

Kinetic Family Drawing test

85
Q

Type of drawing test in which you draw a house, then a tree, then a person

A

House Tree Person Drawing

86
Q

Two strengths of projective tests

A

provided method for personality assessment until 1950s, helpful for providing supplementary information

87
Q

Two limitations of projective tests

A

not demonstrated reliability of validity, bias against minority ethnic groups

88
Q

Type of test that assesses brain function by assessing brain structure and activity

A

neurological tests

89
Q

Examples of neurological tests

A

EEG, CAT, PET, MRI, fMRI

90
Q

Neurological test that gives most accurate image in real-time

A

fMRI

91
Q

PET scan of depressed person shows what

A

mostly blue with a little yellow

92
Q

Systematic observations of behavior

A

clinical observations

93
Q

Three techniques for clinical observation

A

Naturalistic, Analog, Self-monitoring

94
Q

Clinical observation technique that involves observing a person in their natural environment

A

naturalistic

95
Q

Clinical observation technique that involves observing a person in a laboratory setting

A

analog

96
Q

Strengths of naturalistic and analog observations

A

much can be learned

97
Q

Weaknesses of naturalistic and analog observations

A

reliability and validity

98
Q

Clinical observation technique that involves a person observing and recording their own behavior

A

self-monitoring

99
Q

Strengths of self-monitoring

A

measuring thoughts and perceptions

100
Q

Weaknesses of self-monitoring

A

validity

101
Q

Book of diagnoses and symptoms, requires clinician to provide categorical, dimensional, and additional information

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

102
Q

Type of test designed to indirectly measure intellectual ability, verbal and nonverbal skills, score is IQ

A

intelligence tests

103
Q

Strengths of intelligence tests

A

most carefully produced, standardized, reliable and valid

104
Q

Weaknesses of intelligence tests

A

performance influenced by non-intelligence factors, cultural and language bias

105
Q

Popular intelligence based on bell-shaped curve

A

Weschsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV)

Abnormal Psychology (13 decks)

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