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Abnormal Psychology > 2-6 > Flashcards

2-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

List two key emotions in mood disorders

A

depression, mania

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2
Q

Low, sad state in which life seems dark and its challenges overwhelming

A

depression

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3
Q

State of breathless euphoria or frenzied energy

A

mania

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4
Q

Are mood disorders limited to certain cultures, times, or situations

A

no

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5
Q

Type of depression that is only depression, no history or mania, normal mood when depression lifts

A

unipolar depression

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6
Q

Mood disorder in which periods of mania alternate with periods of depression

A

bipolar disorder

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7
Q

Five main areas of functioning affected by unipolar depression

A

emotional symptoms (feeling down), motivational symptoms (loss of motivation), behavioral symptoms (isolation, staying in bed), cognitive symptoms (pessimism, hopelessness, helplessness), physical symptoms (headaches, indigestion, constipation, pain, weight gain/loss, fatigue)

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8
Q

DSM dx checklist for depression

A

5+ symptoms, 2+ weeks, significant distress, impairment

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9
Q

Cognitive symptom of depression that describes loss of hope, “nothing will get better”

A

hopelessness

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10
Q

Are depression symptoms the same from person to person

A

no

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11
Q

Type of severe depression that lasts for 2+ weeks

A

major depressive disorder

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12
Q

DSM code for major depressive disorder

A

296

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13
Q

Can hallucinations co-occur with MDD

A

yes

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14
Q

Type of MDD that involves depression that occurs depending on the season of the year, eg Alaska winter

A

seasonal depression (seasonal affective disorder)

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15
Q

Type of depression in which person is immobile or extremely agitated

A

catatonic depression

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16
Q

Type of depression which can occur during pregnancy, and up to 4 weeks after giving birth

A

peripartum depression (aka postpartum depression)

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17
Q

Type of depression which is mostly likely to include psychotic features

A

peripartum depression

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18
Q

Type of depression in which the person is unaffected by anything pleasurable

A

melancholic depression

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19
Q

Type of unipolar depression in which symptoms have been occurring for 2+ years

A

persistent depressive disorder

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20
Q

DSM-5 code for persistent depressive disorder

A

300.4

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21
Q

Chronic low level depression that lasts 2 or more years

A

persistent depressive disorder

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22
Q

Type of PDD that includes episodes of MDD

A

persistent depressive disorder with major depressive episodes

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23
Q

Type of PDD that does not include episodes of MDD, but is chronic, low-level symptoms all the time, less severe

A

Persistent depressive disorder with dysthymic syndrome

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24
Q

Type of unipolar depression in which women have depressive symptoms during the week before menstruation

A

PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER

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25
Q

DSM-5 code for PDD

A

625.4

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26
Q

Type of unipolar depression that includes low level depression all the time with episodes of temper/rage, begins showing late childhood, early adolescence

A

DISRUPTIVE MOOD REGULATION DISORDER

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27
Q

DSM-5 code for DMRD

A

296.99

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28
Q

For PDD diagnosis in which symptoms last 2+ years, symptoms cannot be absent for longer than how many months

A

2 months

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29
Q

Great number of what can be a trigger for depression

A

stressful life events

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30
Q

Type of stress based depression that involves clear triggering events

A

reactive depression

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31
Q

Type of stress based depression that is a more internal, not externally caused, possible genetic or physiological factors

A

endogenous depression

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32
Q

Four factors in biological treatment for depression

A

genetic, biochemical, anatomical, immune system

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33
Q

Research findings suggest that unipolar depression has what 4 biochemical factors

A

serotonin, norepinephrine, cortisol, melatonin

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34
Q

Is there a genetic link with depression

A

yes

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35
Q

One particular immune factor that may be linked to depression

A

inflammation

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36
Q

Four brain circuits involved in depression

A

Prefrontal cortex (low activity and blood flow), Hippocampus (undersized), Amygdala (heightened blood flow and activity), Brodmann Area 25 (low activity)

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37
Q

Three biological treatments for depression

A

electroconvulsive therapy, drug therapy, brain stimulation

38
Q

Type of biological treatment for depression in which electrical stimulation causes seizure in brain, controversial, effective in severe depression

A

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

39
Q

In the 1950s, two kinds of drugs were found to reduce the symptoms of depression

A

MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS (MAO INHIBITORS), TRICYCLICS

40
Q

What type of food ingredient doesn’t match up with MAOIs

A

tyramine, eg wine, cheese, fermented foods

41
Q

Type of drug for depression that has a three ring structure, must keep taking or depression relapses

A

tricyclics

42
Q

Type of drug for depression eg Prozac, fewer side effects, very popular, must continue to take in order to work

A

SSRIs

43
Q

Type of biological treatment for depression that includes vagus nerve stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and deep brain stimulation

A

brain stimulation

44
Q

Biological treatment for depression in which an implanted pulse generator sends electrical signals to the vagus nerve, which then delivers electrical signals to the brain

A

vagus nerve stimulation

45
Q

Biological treatment for depression in which electromagnetic coil goes on or above head, stimulating prefrontal cortex, daily 2-4 weeks outpatient

A

TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION

46
Q

Biological treatment for depression in which electrodes are implanted in Brodmann Area 25

A

deep brain stimulation

47
Q

General overview of behavioral treatment for depression

A

changing rewards and punishments people receive in their lives

48
Q

Three types of behavioral treatments for depression

A

Reintroduce clients to pleasurable activities, appropriately reinforce their depressive and nondepressive behaviors, Help them improve their social skills

49
Q

Aaron Beck’s behavioral explanation of depression

A

high correlation between maladaptive attitudes and level of depression, eg “I must be the best”

50
Q

Depression screening tool developed by Aaron Beck

A

Beck Depression Inventory

51
Q

Three Beck ideas linked to depression

A

cognitive triad, errors in logic, automatic thinking

52
Q

Beck depression idea that includes three components including the experiences (bad), the person (bad), and the future (none)

A

cognitive triad

53
Q

Beck depression idea that includes steady stream of negative chatter in head that is negative

A

automatic thinking

54
Q

Beck’s cognitive therapy for depression does what

A

help clients recognize and change their negative cognitive processes

55
Q

List 4 phases of Beck’s cognitive therapy for depression

A

Increasing activities and elevating mood, Challenging automatic thoughts, Identifying negative thinking and biases, Changing primary attitudes

56
Q

Seligman’s learned helpless cognitive model argues that depression is caused by what (think dogs in box)

A

people become depressed when they lose control over the reinforcements (rewards and punishments) in their lives and feel responsible for this helpless state, see themselves to blame

57
Q

Sociocultural perspective on depression treatment, 2 treatments

A

Interpersonal Therapy, Couples Therapy

58
Q

Four Interpersonal Therapy problems that lead to depression

A

Interpersonal loss (death), Interpersonal role dispute (relationship problems), Interpersonal role transition (major life changes), Interpersonal deficits (eg shy)

59
Q

Research shows what is most effective treatment of depression

A

cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy

60
Q

Type of Interpersonal Therapy for depression that deals with couples’ communication

A

Couple therapy

61
Q

People in a state of _________ typically experience dramatic and inappropriate rises in mood and activity

A

mania

62
Q

Five areas of functioning affected by mania

A

emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive, physical

63
Q

Symptoms affected by mania described as euphoria, overblown sense of wellbeing, need constant excitement and companionship

A

emotional symptoms

64
Q

Symptoms affected by mania described as flamboyant dressing, wanting to get noticed, talking rapidly, risk taking

A

behavioral symptoms

65
Q

Symptoms affected by mania described as being distracted, very optimistic, poor judgment

A

cognitive symptoms

66
Q

Symptoms affected by mania described as need constant excitement and companionship

A

motivational symptoms

67
Q

Symptoms affected by mania described as feeling very energetic, little sleep

A

physical symptoms

68
Q

Manic episode dx checklist

A

(1) 1+ weeks, (2) 3+ of grandiosity, reduced sleep, talkativeness, shifting ideas, inattention, heightened activity, risk taking, (3) significant distress or impairment

69
Q

DSM -5 code for bipolar I disorder

A

296.4

70
Q

DSM-5 code for bipolar II disorder

A

296.5

71
Q

Disorder described as full manic episode, with major depressive episode either before or after the manic episode

A

Bipolar I Disorder

72
Q

Key difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II

A

Bipolar I is full blown mania, Bipolar II is hypomania, both have major depression on either end

73
Q

Episode described as less intense version of mania

A

hypomanic episode

74
Q

Disorder that includes hypomania and mild depression with period of normalcy between the ups and downs

A

cyclothymic disorder

75
Q

DSM-5 code for cyclothymia

A

301.13

76
Q

Feature of bipolar disorder that describes four or more episodes of major depression and mania episodes within a year

A

rapid cycling

77
Q

Goal of treatment of bipolar

A

mood stabilization

78
Q

Research indicate cause of bipolar comes from what sources

A

Neurotransmitters (+norepinephrine, -serotonin), lon activity, Brain structure, Genetic factors

79
Q

Which neurotransmitter takes lead in determining if you have bipolar I, II, or cyclothymia

A

norepinephrine

80
Q

Theory of cause of bipolar related to irregular ion activity in axons

A

ion activity

81
Q

Theory of cause of bipolar describing structures in brain, eg basal ganglia, amygdala, prefrontal cortex

A

brain structure

82
Q

Theory of cause of bipolar disorder involving inheritable traits

A

genetic factors

83
Q

Treatments for bipolar disorder for much of the 20th century

A

Psychotherapists reported almost no success, antidepressants no help ad triggered manic episodes

84
Q

In 1970, _________ was approved for treatment of bipolar disorder, must be taken at near toxic levels to work, requires frequent blood draws

A

lithium

85
Q

Researchers (do/do not) fully understand why lithium works

A

do not

86
Q

Other class of medications that have shown some effectiveness in treating bipolar

A

anti-seizure medications

87
Q

Third class of drugs possibly taken as a cocktail that have shown some effectiveness for bipolar

A

atypical antipsychotics

88
Q

Possible neurotransmitter explaining why atypical antipsychotics work in treating bipolar disorder

A

serotonin

89
Q

Another possible explanation other than serotonin for why atypical antipsychotics work in treating bipolar

A

increase in neuroprotective proteins

90
Q

Another approach that focuses on medication management, social skills, and relationship issues in addition to drug therapy for cotreating bipolar

A

adjunctive therapy

Abnormal Psychology (13 decks)

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