3-9 Flashcards
Cultural influences of eating disorders
thinness is equated with health
Number one mental illness that results in death
anorexia nervousa
More ____ than ______ are diagnosed with bulimia nervousa
females, males
Number one eating disorder
binge-eating disorder
Rise in eating disorders is fueled by
morbid fear of weight gain
Diagnosis that is the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation
anorexia nervousa
Main symptoms of anorexia nervousa
below 85% of normal body weight, intense fear of becoming overweight, distorted view of weight and shape, amenorrhea
Describe timeline of anorexia developing
start off with normal weight, stressful event, anorexia, then either recovery or death
Three more clinical factors of picture of anorexia nervousa
(1)preoccupied with food, dream about food, (2) possible anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and OCD around food, (3) distorted self-perception of fatness
Goal of people with anorexia nervousa
become thin
Driving motivation of people with anorexia nervousa
fear of being fat, losing control over body
Medical problems causes by anorexia nervousa
amenorrhea, low body temperature, low BP & HR, swollen belly, brittle bones, skin, and nails, metabolic and electrolyte imbalances, lanugo
Term for disorder in which fine blond hairs begin to sprout over the body
lanugo
Disorder also known as binge-purge syndrome, characterized by binges
BULIMIA NERVOSA
Behavior described as engaging in bouts of uncontrolled overeating, often in secret, often without chewing
binges
Behavior described as abusing diuretics, laxatives, emetics, etc
purges
Does someone with bulimia look too thin
no, looks more normal weight
Four characteristics of bulimia nervosa
repeated binging, repeated purging, 3+ weeks, inappropriate appraisal of weight and shape
Timeline for bulimia nervosa
start out as overweight, maybe go on intense diet, triggers cycle of binge-purge
Trick test question about teenagers experimenting with binges or purges
may not qualify for diagnosis of bulimia nervosa
Describe cycle of binges and purges
tension begins building, person binges and feels pleasure, guilt builds up, person purges relieving guilt, then tension builds again
Compensatory behavior of purging to relieve guilt from binging include
laxatives, emetics, excessive exercise
Similarities of anorexia and bulimia
obsession with food, drive to be thin, risk of suicide, substance abuse, distorted beliefs
Differences of anorexia and bulimia
Bulimia more concerned with pleasing others, bulimia more sexually active, bulimia more mood swings, low frustration tolerance, poor coping
Disorder in which people only engage in binging behavior without purging
binge eating disorder
Binge eating disorder must take place how often over what timeframe to get diagnosed with what feelings
weekly for 3+ months, feelings of guilt or disgust
As a result of their binges, two-thirds of people with binge eating disorder become
overweight or obese
Most overweight people (do/do not) binge
do not
What percent of the populating have binge eating disorder
between 2-7%
Websites that promote anorexia and encourage anorexia
pro-ana sites
Term for forced vomiting and related behaviors to prevent weight gain
compensatory behaviors
Psychodynamic theorist who researched eating disorders
Hilde Bruch
Hilde Bruch’s main psychodynamic argument for eating disorders
ego deficiencies result from a problem in mother-child relationships
Hilde Bruch’s psychodynamic term for poor control and poor sense of independence resulting in perceptual problems of body size and body image
ego deficiencies
Hilde Bruch’s psychodynamic contrast of effective and ineffective parents
ineffective don’t comfort, calm with bottle or sandwich
Research of Bruch’s psychodynamic view of people with eating disorders support what three things
inaccurate emotional cue perceptions, alexithymia, excessive dependence on views of others
Term for inability to identify and describe own emotions
alexithymia
Summary of cognitive perspective on eating disorders
improper labeling of internal sensations and needs, irrational desire to control body resulting from little feeling of control over life
People with eating disorders may qualify for what other diagnosis
major depression
People with eating disorders especially bulimia are low in what brain chemical
serotonin
What medication treats eating disorders by treating underlying serotonin deficiency
antidepressant SSRI
SSRIs have what other side effects
reduced anxiety about eating and gaining weight
Biological theorists identify _____ that may leave people vulnerable to eating disorders
certain genes
What brain structure have biological theorists identified as related to eating disorders
hypothalamus
Term for weight level that a person is predisposed to maintain
weight set point
Term for important function of hypothalamus in in maintaining weight set point
weight thermostat
Under sociocultural theory, Societal pressures that affect eating disorders
western standards toward thinness and prejudice against obese people
Under sociocultural theory, The socially accepted prejudice against overweight people may also add to what societal pressure
“fear” and preoccupation about weight
Under sociocultural theory, A recent survey of adolescent girls tied eating disorders and body dissatisfaction to
Social networking, Internet activities, Television browsing
Under sociocultural theory, France, Israel, Spain, and Italy have banned _______ from working in the fashion industry
excessively thin models
Under sociocultural theory, France, Israel, Spain, and Italy models must obtain what in order to work
health certificate
Under sociocultural theory, France has banned what websites
pro-anorexia, “thinspiration“
Under sociocultural theory, What family influences may result in eating disorders
family history of emphasizing thinness, appearance, dieting, perfectionism
Under sociocultural theory, Sociocultural therapy term for family being overinvolved with each other, over-concerned with each others’ lives
enmeshed family patterns
Under sociocultural theory, gender differences in losing weight
men exercise, women diet
Males account for ____ percent of eating disorders
5-10 percent
Job and sport categories at risk for bulimia
jockeys and distance runners
Often male psychological problem referred to as reverse anorexia, in which males seel themselves as too small
muscle dysmorphobia
Two main goals of treating anorexia
correct dangerous eating patterns, address broader psychological factors
Three immediate aims of anorexia nervosa treatment
Regain lost weight, Recover from malnourishment, Eat normally again
In the past, preferred treatment for anorexia
hospitalizations
Three recent preferred treatment for anorexia
day hospital or outpatient, nutritional rehab, behavioral and cognitive therapy
Therapists help patients with anorexia nervosa do what 4 things
Recognize their need for independence and control, Recognize and trust their internal feelings, Change their attitudes about eating and weight, Correct disturbed cognitions and learn about body distortions using cognitive approaches
Behavioral approach to treating anorexia
monitor feelings, monitor hunger levels, track what they eat, write evaluations based on variables
Cognitive approach to treating anorexia
identify core pathology and change illogical beliefs
Cognitive term for client’s self-judgment over weight and ability to control these things
core pathology
Sociocultural family therapy does what two things for anorexia
addresses separation and boundaries (enmeshment), uses combined treatment approaches
Positive treatment outcomes for anorexia
weight gain, menstruation returns, death rate declines
Negative treatment outcomes for anorexia
25% remain troubled, recovery not always permanent, lingering emotional problems
Behavioral treatment approaches for bulimia
food diaries, Exposure and Response Prevention
Cognitive treatment for bulimia
change maladaptive attitudes, recognize binge urges and negative thoughts
Other forms of psychotherapy for bulimia
group therapy, family therapy, individual therapy
Biological drug therapy for bulimia
antidepressants
Preferred therapy approach for bulimia
combined, drugs plus other therapies
Aftermath of Bulimia Nervosa
left untreated can last for years, ruined teeth, cancer of esophagus
Relapses of bulimia are often triggered by
stress
Recovered bulimics are more likely to relapse when
they have had longer history of symptoms, vomited frequently, history of substance abuse, lingering interpersonal problems
Treatments for binge eating disorder are similar to what other disorder
bulimia
Therapies for binge eating disorder
behavioral therapy, group therapy, antidepressants
Additional treatments for binge eating disorder
treatments specific to obesity, emerging specialized treatments
