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Abnormal Psychology > 1-1 > Flashcards

1-1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change patters of functioning

A

abnormal psychology

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2
Q

Four Ds of abnormal psychology

A

deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger

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3
Q

Behavior that veers from socially acceptable behavior in our culture, will vary from culture to culture

A

deviance

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4
Q

Worry about one’s own self, scaring oneself

A

distress

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5
Q

Describes behavior that gets in the way of you carrying our your daily activities and responsibilities

A

dysfunction

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6
Q

Describes behavior that creates a risk to yourself or others

A

danger

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7
Q

Quirky behavior does not necessarily equal what

A

abnormality

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8
Q

People who deviate from common behavior patterns or display odd or whimsical behavior, nonconformists, extreme interests, etc.

A

eccentrics

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9
Q

Who selects criteria for defining abnormality and uses criteria to judge particular cases

A

society

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10
Q

Author who found the concept of mental illness to be invalid, a myth, wrote book “The Myth of Mental Illness”

A

Thomas Szasz

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11
Q

Thomas Szasz primary argument

A

societies invent mental illness to control people

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12
Q

Procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior

A

treatment or therapy

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13
Q

Famous humanist who gave us client-centered therapy, argued that there is no agreement for therapy or successful outcome

A

Carl Rogers

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14
Q

Famous author that says therapy has three important features

A

Jerome Frank

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15
Q

Jerome Frank’s three features of therapy

A

(1) someone is suffering who seeks relief, (2) trained socially acceptable healer, (3) series of contacts between sufferer and healer to feel better

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16
Q

Ancient societies regarded abnormal behavior as the work of what

A

evil spirits

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17
Q

Treatment for abnormal behavior focused on getting evil spirits out of the body through what procedures

A

trephination and exorcism

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18
Q

Philosopher who through that illnesses came from natural causes

A

Hippocrates

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19
Q

Hippocrates approach to mental illnesses

A

abnormal behavior caused by imbalance in the four humors (fluids), healing caused by balancing humors

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20
Q

Church in the Middle Ages had what view of mental illness

A

caused by demonology

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21
Q

During the Renaissance, demonology on decline and what took its place

A

rise of mental illness as similar to bodily illness

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22
Q

Father of modern study of psychopathology, believed biological reasons caused mental illness

A

Johann Weyer

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23
Q

Religious places where people with mental illnesses were treated with loving care

A

shrines

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24
Q

Famous shrine in Belgium that devoted itself to community mental health

A

Gheel

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25
Q

Term for mental hospitals during the Renaissance, similar to prisons

A

asylums

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26
Q

Type of bed in an asylum that caged patient to the bed

A

crib

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27
Q

Individual in France who protested treatment of the mentally ill, took locks off asylum in Paris

A

Pinel

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28
Q

Famous advocate for mentall ill in England

A

Tuke

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29
Q

Father of American Psychiatry, part of the moral treatment movement in the 1800s

A

Benjamin Rush

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30
Q

Boston schoolteacher who advocated for more humane treatment for the mentally ill and called for creation of state hospitals

A

Dorothea Dix

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31
Q

Example of immoral outcome to biological approaches under the somatogenic perspective

A

eugenics

32
Q

Philosopher who advocated for somatogenic perspective

A

Emil Kraeplin

33
Q

Elimination through medical or other means of an individuals ability to reproduce

A

Eugenics

34
Q

Example of new medications resulting from biological approach

A

psychotropic medications

35
Q

Early 20th century perspective that abnormal functioning has physical causes

A

somatogenic perspective

36
Q

Early 20th century perspective that abnormal functioning has psychological causes

A

psychogenic perspective

37
Q

Two factors were responsible for the rebirth of somatogenic perspective

A

(1) Argument that physical factors (such as fatigue) are responsible for mental dysfunction, (2) New biological discoveries

38
Q

Two primary approaches of the psychogenic perspective

A

hypnotism, psychoanalysis

39
Q

Trance-like state where the person becomes highly suggestable, goes back to Fredrick Mesmer, capable of creating false memories and uncovering repressed memories

A

Hypnotism

40
Q

Physician who would work with hysteria, no clear physical basis for ailment

A

Breuer

41
Q

Psychogenic perspective that holds that many forms of abnormal and normal psychological function are psychogenic

A

psychoanalysis

42
Q

Primary proponent of psychoanalysis, proponent of outpatient therapy

A

Freud

43
Q

When did hospitalizations for mental illnesses peak and why

A

About 1955 because new antipsychotic, antidepressant, and antianxiety drugs were discovered

44
Q

Centers that allow for follow up to inpatient mental health treatment and provide outpatient therapy

A

community mental health centers

45
Q

Most preferred way to treat mental illnesses since the 1950s

A

psychotherapy through outpatient care

46
Q

How many adults in the US receive treatment for psychological disorders in the course of a year, and how many sessions

A

1 in 6, fewer and 5 sessions

47
Q

Movement that advocates for correcting social conditions that underlie mental health problems and help individuals at risk for developing disorders

A

prevention movement

48
Q

Prevention movement is tied to what

A

positive psychology

49
Q

Study of the enhancement of positive feeling, traits, and abilities

A

positive psychology

50
Q

Psychological approach where practitioners teach people coping skills, stress protection, meaningful activities, and enriching relationships

A

positive psychology

51
Q

Seven theoretical perspectives

A

Psychoanalytic, Biological, Behavioral, Cognitive, Humanistic-existential, Sociocultural, Evolutionary

52
Q

Current most popular theoretical perspective

A

cognitive perspective

53
Q

Mental health practitioner who is a medical doctor specializing in medical disorders who can prescribe medications

A

psychiatrist

54
Q

Type of practitioner who are seeking to discover universal laws about abnormal behavior and psychological functioning, nomothetic understanding

A

clinical researchers

55
Q

Relating to the study or discovery of general scientific laws

A

nomothetic

56
Q

Three ways to do research

A

descriptive (case study), correlational, experimental

57
Q

Provides a detailed, interpretative description of a person’s life and psychological problems, may be biased

A

case study (descriptive research)

58
Q

Research looking for a relationship between variables, uses statistical analysis of probability, cannot establish cause and effect

A

correlational method

59
Q

Type of correlation study that Reveal the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population

A

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

60
Q

Largest epidemiological study

A

Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study

61
Q

Number of new cases of disorder in a period of time

A

incidence

62
Q

Total number of cases in a period of time

A

prevalence

63
Q

Type of correlation study that Involve observation of same individuals on many occasions over a long period

A

longitudinal studies

64
Q

Correlational studies of many pairs of identical twins

A

twin studies

65
Q

Correlational studies of many pairs of twins have suggested a link between what

A

genetic factors and certain psychological disorders

66
Q

Only research method where we can discover cause and effect, independent variable is manipulated and effect on dependent variable is observed

A

experimental method

67
Q

A P-value above what means the results are not significant

A

above P=0.05

68
Q

Three features to guard against confounds in experiments

A

control group; Random assignment; Bias, blind, and double-blind design

69
Q

Experimental design using groups that already exist, eg abused children

A

QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL

70
Q

Experiments where nature creates the events, eg PTSD and earthquakes

A

natural experiments

71
Q

Experiments that cannot be done on humans ethically, eg learned helplessness, Seligman dogs being shocked, panel with hole in it

A

analogue experiment

72
Q

Experiments with only one person, measuring before and after manipulation

A

single subject experiments

73
Q

Experiments called ABAB design where baseline is taken, then manipulation, then measure, then remove manipulation, then measure, then reintroduce manipulation, then measure, eg behaving children and rewards

A

reversal design

74
Q

Researchers’ primary obligation is to avoid what

A

physically or psychologically harming the human participants in their studies

75
Q

An ethics committee in a research facility that is empowered to protect the rights and safety of human research participants

A

INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD (IRB)

Abnormal Psychology (13 decks)

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