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Abnormal Psychology > 4-13 > Flashcards

4-13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Unique and long-term pattern of inner experience and outward behavior

A

personality

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2
Q

Particular characteristics that lead us to react in a predictable manner

A

personality traits

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3
Q

(1)long-term, rigid, patters of inner experience and behavior that leads to dysfunction in at least two-cognition, emotion, social interactions, impulsivity, (2) pattern is different from usual in culture, (3) significant distress or impairment

A

Dx for personality disorder

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4
Q

Significant distress or impairment in personality disorder typically affects who

A

those around you, because you are clueless

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5
Q

Enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that impairs sense of self, emotional experience, goals, and capacity for empathy and/or intimacy

A

personality disorder

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6
Q

Personality disorder typically becomes recognizable when

A

adolescence or early adulthood, lasts for years

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7
Q

Has been estimated that ____ percent of all adults may have a personality disorder

A

10-15%

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8
Q

Personality disorder is often ______ with another disorder

A

COMORBID

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9
Q

Is it usually the personality disorder or the comorbid disorder that gets someone in for treatment

A

the comorbid condition

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10
Q

Three groups of DSM-5 personality disorder clusters

A

(1) odd or eccentric behavior, (2) dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior, (3) anxious or fearful behavior

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11
Q

Three W’s A, B, C mnemonic for personality disorder clusters

A

A=weird, B=wild, C=worried

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12
Q

DSM-5 personality disorder cluster A described as paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders

A

Odd or eccentric behavior

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13
Q

DSM-5 personality disorder cluster B described as Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders

A

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior

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14
Q

DSM-5 personality disorder cluster C described as Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders

A

Anxious or fearful behavior

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15
Q

The DSM-5 uses an approach in classifying personality groups that assumes that traits are either present or not, displayed or not, person is not troubled by traits outside disorder

A

categorical approach

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16
Q

DSM-5 categorical ______ are frequently contradicted in clinical practice

A

assumptions

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17
Q

Paranoid personality disorder, Schizoid personality disorder, Schizotypal personality disorder are part of what personality disorder cluster

A

Cluster of “odd” personality disorders, cluster A

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18
Q

People with these disorders display behaviors similar to, but not as extensive as, schizophrenia, some clinicians call them “SCHIZOPHRENIA-SPECTRUM DISORDERS”

A

“Odd” Personality Disorders

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19
Q

Disorder that is distrustful and paranoid of people, but does not equal delusion, see threats everywhere, hidden meaning everywhere, quick to challenge people especially loyalty, come off as cold and distant, see people they work with as weak and incompetent, +men than women, 4% total pop, eg Stalin, Hussein, Nixon, Hitler

A

Paranoid personality disorder

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20
Q

These theorists explain paranoid personality disorder by tracing back to demanding parents, distant, rigid fathers, mothers rejecting and overcontrolling

A

psychodynamic theorists

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21
Q

These theorists explain paranoid personality disorder by suggesting that maladaptive assumptions cause disorder, eg “people are evil and eill attack you if given chance”

A

cognitive theorists

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22
Q

These theorists explain paranoid personality disorder by looking at genetic causes eg twin studies that support this model

A

biological theorists

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23
Q

Treatment for paranoid personality disorder is hard because

A

Few come to treatment willingly; others distrust and rebel against their therapists

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24
Q

Therapy approach that works on a persons deep with for a satisfying relationship to treat paranoid personality disorder

A

object relations therapy

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25
Q

Therapy approach that involves getting control of anxiety and improving interpersonal skills, looking at more realistic interpretation of other’s words and actions to treat paranoid personality disorder

A

cognitive-behavioral therapy

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26
Q

Therapy approach that is not useful for treating paranoid personality disorder

A

drug therapy

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27
Q

Personality disorder that avoids relationships with people, limited emotional expression, withdrawn and reclusive, self-focused, flat, cold, dull, genuinely prefer to be alone, no effort to make friends, little interest in sex, indifferent to families, unaffected by praise or criticism, rarely show feelings at all, no need for attention or acceptance, succeed at being ignored, 3.1% pop, more men than women

A

Schizoid Personality Disorder

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28
Q

These theorists explain schizoid personality disorder by linking schizoid personality disorder to unsatified need for human contact

A

psychodynamic / object relations theorists

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29
Q

These theorists explain schizoid personality disorder by proposing that those with schizoid personality disorder also suffer from deficiencies in their thinking, inaccurate perceptions from environment, inability to pick up emotional cues from other people and respond

A

cognitive theorists

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30
Q

Treatment for schizoid personality disorder is hard because

A

Social withdrawal and reluctance to enter into or participate in therapy

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31
Q

Therapy approach to treat schizoid personality disorder that focuses on thinking about emotions, learning how to identify people’s emotions and self-emotions

A

Cognitive-behavioral therapists

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32
Q

Therapy approach to treat schizoid personality disorder that focus on teaching social skills

A

Behavioral therapists

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33
Q

Therapy approach to treat schizoid personality disorder that offers a safe environment for social contact

A

Group therapy

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34
Q

Therapy approach to treat schizoid personality disorder that is of little benefit

A

Drug therapy

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35
Q

Personality disorder that looks and feels the most like schizophrenia, involves a range of interpersonal problems like ideas of reference or bodily illusions, avoid interpersonal relationships, bizarre magical superstitious thinking, trouble paying attention, going off on tangents, loose associations

A

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

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36
Q

Thinking that unrelated events pertain to you, but does not cross into delusional

A

Ideas of Reference

37
Q

Sensing an abnormal presence

A

Bodily Illusions

38
Q

Schizoid with magical thinking, eg Kramer

A

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

39
Q

Theoretical approach with the most support for Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

biological

40
Q

High dopamine, family conflict and psychological disorders in parents, high activity of dopamine, enlarged ventricles, smaller temporal lobes, loss of gray matter, short term memory problems

A

Biological factors of Schizotypal Personality Disorder

41
Q

Over half of people with Schizotypal Personality Disorder suffer from what other disorder in their lives

A

major depression

42
Q

Approach for Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Try to teach clients to objectively evaluate their thoughts and perceptions and provide speech lessons and social skills training

A

Cognitive-behavioral therapists

43
Q

Approach for Schizotypal Personality Disorder, (antipsychotic drugs) appears to be somewhat helpful in reducing certain thought problems

A

Drug therapy

44
Q

Cluster B of “dramatic” personality disorders that includes Antisocial personality disorder, Borderline personality disorder, Histrionic personality disorder, Narcissistic personality disorder

A

“Dramatic” Personality Disorders

45
Q

Behaviors are so dramatic, emotional, or erratic that it is almost impossible for them to have relationships that are truly giving and satisfying, causes not understood, treatments of little effect

A

Cluster B “Dramatic” Personality Disorders

46
Q

Personality disorder characterized by extreme emotionality and attention-seeking, “on-stage,” need approval and praise, vain, self-centered, demanding, 2-3% adults, equal men and women, can include extreme sexuality, regression as defense mechanism, eg Madonna, Paris Hilton

A

HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER

47
Q

Theoretical approach that explains histrionic personality disorder by saying that they experienced unhealthy relationships with parents as children, cold, unloving, afraid of abandonment

A

psychodynamic theorists

48
Q

Theoretical approach that explains histrionic personality disorder by saying that they lack substance and are extremely suggestible

A

cognitive theorists

49
Q

Theoretical approach that explains histrionic personality disorder by saying that disorder is caused in part by society’s norms and expectations

A

sociocultural and multicultural theorists

50
Q

Type of therapist that treats Histrionic Personality Disorder by trying to change belief that they are helpless and develop better ways of thinking and problem solving

A

Cognitive therapists

51
Q

Type of therapist that treats Histrionic Personality Disorder by helping clients deal with their dependency

A

psychodynamic and group therapy

52
Q

Type of therapy that treats Histrionic Personality Disorder with medication, less successful, except for depression

A

Drug therapy

53
Q

Personality disorder characterized by grandiose behavior, need for much admiration, feeling no empathy with others, arrogant, exaggerate achievements, vein, egotistical, sense of entitlement, no patience, preoccupied with power and prestige, exploits others to gain status, passive aggressive

A

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

54
Q

Behavior is common among normal teenagers and does not usually lead to adult narcissism

A

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

55
Q

As much as _____ percent of adults display narcissistic personality disorder; up to _____ percent of these are men

A

6.2 percent, 75 percent

56
Q

Type of therapist that explains Narcissistic Personality Disorder by focusing on cold, rejecting parents

A

Psychodynamic theorists

57
Q

Type of therapist that explains Narcissistic Personality Disorder by interpreting grandiose self-presentation as a way for people to feel self-sufficient and without need of warm relationships

A

object-relations theorists

58
Q

Type of therapist that explains Narcissistic Personality Disorder by proposing that narcissistic personality disorder may develop when people are treated too positively rather than too negatively early in life

A

cognitive-behavioral theorists

59
Q

Type of therapist that explains Narcissistic Personality Disorder by seeing a link between narcissistic personality disorder and “eras of narcissism” in society

A

sociocultural theorists

60
Q

One of the most difficult personality patterns to treat, clients who consult therapists usually do so because of a related disorder, most commonly depression

A

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

61
Q

Once in treatment, the individuals with this personality disorder may try to manipulate the therapist into supporting their sense of superiority, no treatment approach has had major success

A

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

62
Q

Cluster letter of “anxious” personality disorders

A

cluster C “worried”

63
Q

Three disorders in cluster of “anxious” personality disorders

A

Avoidant personality disorder, Dependent personality disorder, Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

64
Q

Are there direct links between anxiety and depressive disorders

A

no

65
Q

Anxious personality disorder similar to Social Anxiety Disorder characterized by discomfort and inhibitions in social situations, feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation, do not have friends but would like to have them, insecure, shy, afraid of rejection

A

Avoidant Personality Disorder

66
Q

Type of therapist that explains Avoidant Personality Disorder by focusing mainly on the general sense of shame felt; early toileting experiences, from anal stage of development

A

psychodynamic theorists

67
Q

Type of therapist that explains Avoidant Personality Disorder by believing that harsh criticism and rejection in early childhood leads people to assume that their environment will always judge them harshly

A

cognitive theorists

68
Q

Type of therapist that explains Avoidant Personality Disorder by suggesting that people with this disorder typically fail to develop normal social skills because they were never rewarded for positive social behavior

A

behavioral theorists

69
Q

General overview of treatment approach for Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

acceptance and affection in therapy, treatments have had modest success

70
Q

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for Avoidant Personality Disorder that helps by providing social interaction

A

group therapy format

71
Q

Type of drugs that are also sometimes useful for Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

antianxiety and antidepressant drugs

72
Q

Type of anxious personality disorder characterized by pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of; clinging and obedient, fear of separation from loved ones, willing to surrender important medical and financial decisions, very agreeable with caretakers

A

Dependent Personality Disorder

73
Q

Anxious personality disorder that increases risk for depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and suicidal thoughts

A

Dependent Personality Disorder

74
Q

Type of therapist that explains Dependent Personality Disorder by saying that they are fixated at the oral stage, over-involved, and over-protective behaviors

A

psychodynamic theorists

75
Q

Type of therapist that explains Dependent Personality Disorder by saying that early parental loss or rejection is the cause

A

object-relations theorists

76
Q

Type of therapist that explains Dependent Personality Disorder by arguing that unintentional rewards of needy behavior caused it

A

behaviorists

77
Q

Type of therapist that explains Dependent Personality Disorder by proposing belief two maladaptive attitudes– belief in self-inadequacy or belief that one must have another person to cope causes (Albert Ellis)

A

cognitive theorists

78
Q

Treatment for Dependent Personality Disorder that focuses on issues similar to depression

A

psychodynamic theorists

79
Q

Treatment for Dependent Personality Disorder that helps clients challenge and change their two maladaptive assumptions

A

Cognitive-behavioral therapists

80
Q

Treatment for Dependent Personality Disorder that is helpful when depression is manifested

A

Antidepressant drug therapy

81
Q

Treatment for Dependent Personality Disorder that provides clients opportunity for peer support and modeling

A

Group therapy

82
Q

Anxiety personality disorder characterized by preoccupation with order, perfection, and control that those with this disorder lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency, lack of affection, superficial relationships, devoted to work, upset if they can’t be in control

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

83
Q

Biggest difference between OCD disorder and O-C Personality Disorder

A

OCD people have insight into their disorder, turning the lock 12 times makes no sense but makes them feel better; O-C Personality disorder do not have insight

84
Q

Type of therapist that explains Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder with lots of reason but little research

A

psychodynamic theorists

85
Q

Type of therapist that explains Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder by referring to anal regressive/retentive from overly harsh toilet training during the anal stage of development

A

Freudian theorists

86
Q

Type of therapist that explains Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder by offering limited theories about origins of disorder, but propose that illogical thinking processes maintain the disorder

A

cognitive theorists

87
Q

Anxiety personality disorder that is difficult to treat because people usually do not believe that anything is wrong with them, will go for another cause or if someone close to them demands they go; responds well to SSRIs, cognitive, and psychodynamic therapy

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

88
Q

Term for turning emotions on and off like a light switch

A

Labile emotions

Abnormal Psychology (13 decks)

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