2-7 Flashcards
Intentioned, self-inflicted death in which one makes an intentional, direct, and conscious effort to end one’s life
suicide
Unsuccessful attempts at suicide, 1+ million in US
parasuicide
One of the leading causes of death in the world 1+million worldwide, 38,000 in US
suicide
Researcher who is the expert in suicide
Shneidman
Four Shneidman’s characterizations of suicide
death seekers, death initiators, death ignorers, death darers
Shneidman characterization describing people genuinely who want to commit suicide
death seekers
Shneidman characterization describing people who want to end their likes because they think the process of death is already underway with them, eg elderly, terminally ill
death initiators
Shneidman characterization describing people who believe that their suicide will not mean the end of their existence, eg suicide bombers
death ignorers
Shneidman characterization describing people who have mixed feelings about death, eg playing Russian roulette, taking pills and calling someone
death darers
Suicide-like category which describes self-harm like superficial scratching without danger of bleeding out, 5+ occasions in the last year
self-injury or self-mutilation
Suicide-like category that describes not a real attempt at suicide
suicide gestures
Suicide-like category describing people who play an indirect role in their death, eg suicide by cop
subintentional death
Suicidal acts may be connected to __________ in a person’s life
recent events or current conditions
Common triggers for suicide include
stressful events, mood and thought changes, alcohol and other drug use, mental disorders, and copycat suicides
Suicide rates vary for what reasons
religious devoutness, women+ attempt, men+ complete, social conditions, race
Suicide stressors that include loss of a loved one, the loss of a job, or natural disaster
Immediate stressors
Suicide stressors that include social isolation, serious illness, abusive environments, occupational stress
long-term stressors
Many suicide attempts are preceded by what changes in mood
Sadness (most common), anxiety, tension, frustration, anger, or shame
Shneidman term for feeling of psychological pain that seems intolerable to the person
PSYCHACHE
Describe 3 shifts in patterns of thinking that may precede suicide
preoccupation, loss of perspective, seeing suicide as only solution
Sense of _________ is may be the single mostly likely indicator of intent preceding suicide
hopelessness
Change in thinking preceding suicide in which folks start to view problems with rigid black and white thinking, “only”, suicide only thing I could do
Dichotomous thinking
What percent of people drink alcohol before suicide attempt
70%
Other drugs are tied to suicide particularly in what populations
teens and young adults
Majority of all suicide attempters display a ______ in addition to suicidal inclination
psychological disorder
Four psychological disorders that may increase risk of suicide
depression, substance-use disorders, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder has what behavioral feature that affects those around them
manipulation “if you leave me I will commit suicide”
Copycat suicide, in which one publicized suicide results in more suicides
modelling
Five triggers for modelling in suicide
family, friends, celebrities, coworkers, publicized suicides
What two types of studies support biological view of suicide
family pedigree studies and twin studies
Family pedigree studies and twin studies show what related to suicide
higher rates of suicide among parents and close relatives of those that commit suicide
What brain chemical is low in people who commit suicide
serotonin
Describe rates of suicide and people’s ages
rises until 64, declines, rises again over 84yo
What has happened to rates of suicide in children over the past several decade
rising, boys outnumber girls 5
In children what precedes suicidal attempt
behavior changes, eg running away, self-criticism, dark fantasies
Are children confused about the meaning of death
no, suicidal children have clear wish to die
Suicidal gestures increase after what age
14
Teenagers have more ______ than _______ of suicide
attempts, completions
Term for persistent suicidal thoughts
suicidal ideation
Suicide is the _______ highest cause of death in teenagers
3rd highest, 10% of teen deaths are suicides
Most common reason for teen suicides
great stress, all different kinds of stress
Half of teen suicides are tied to what three things
clinical depression, low self-esteem, and hopelessness
Five additional factors in teen suicides
anger, impulsiveness, poor problem solving, substance use, and stress
Some theorists believe that __________ produces a stressful climate in which suicidal actions are more likely
the period of adolescence itself
Describe suicides by ethnicity
American Indians > whites > blacks and Hispanics
Age group most likely to commit suicide in Western society
the elderly
Four contributory factors to elderly suicide
illness, loss of close friends and relatives, loss of control over life, loss of social status
During the past 50 years, emphasis worldwide has shifted from suicide _______ to suicide _________
treatment, prevention
Types of suicide programs in the US and England
suicide prevention programs and suicide hot lines
National Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number
800-273-8255
Both suicide prevention programs and suicide hot lines provide ________
crisis intervention
Social policies to reduce suicide
gun control, bridge barriers, emissions controls
