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Abnormal Psychology > 2-7 > Flashcards

2-7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Intentioned, self-inflicted death in which one makes an intentional, direct, and conscious effort to end one’s life

A

suicide

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2
Q

Unsuccessful attempts at suicide, 1+ million in US

A

parasuicide

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3
Q

One of the leading causes of death in the world 1+million worldwide, 38,000 in US

A

suicide

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4
Q

Researcher who is the expert in suicide

A

Shneidman

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5
Q

Four Shneidman’s characterizations of suicide

A

death seekers, death initiators, death ignorers, death darers

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6
Q

Shneidman characterization describing people genuinely who want to commit suicide

A

death seekers

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7
Q

Shneidman characterization describing people who want to end their likes because they think the process of death is already underway with them, eg elderly, terminally ill

A

death initiators

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8
Q

Shneidman characterization describing people who believe that their suicide will not mean the end of their existence, eg suicide bombers

A

death ignorers

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9
Q

Shneidman characterization describing people who have mixed feelings about death, eg playing Russian roulette, taking pills and calling someone

A

death darers

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10
Q

Suicide-like category which describes self-harm like superficial scratching without danger of bleeding out, 5+ occasions in the last year

A

self-injury or self-mutilation

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11
Q

Suicide-like category that describes not a real attempt at suicide

A

suicide gestures

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12
Q

Suicide-like category describing people who play an indirect role in their death, eg suicide by cop

A

subintentional death

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13
Q

Suicidal acts may be connected to __________ in a person’s life

A

recent events or current conditions

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14
Q

Common triggers for suicide include

A

stressful events, mood and thought changes, alcohol and other drug use, mental disorders, and copycat suicides

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15
Q

Suicide rates vary for what reasons

A

religious devoutness, women+ attempt, men+ complete, social conditions, race

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16
Q

Suicide stressors that include loss of a loved one, the loss of a job, or natural disaster

A

Immediate stressors

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17
Q

Suicide stressors that include social isolation, serious illness, abusive environments, occupational stress

A

long-term stressors

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18
Q

Many suicide attempts are preceded by what changes in mood

A

Sadness (most common), anxiety, tension, frustration, anger, or shame

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19
Q

Shneidman term for feeling of psychological pain that seems intolerable to the person

A

PSYCHACHE

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20
Q

Describe 3 shifts in patterns of thinking that may precede suicide

A

preoccupation, loss of perspective, seeing suicide as only solution

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21
Q

Sense of _________ is may be the single mostly likely indicator of intent preceding suicide

A

hopelessness

22
Q

Change in thinking preceding suicide in which folks start to view problems with rigid black and white thinking, “only”, suicide only thing I could do

A

Dichotomous thinking

23
Q

What percent of people drink alcohol before suicide attempt

A

70%

24
Q

Other drugs are tied to suicide particularly in what populations

A

teens and young adults

25
Q

Majority of all suicide attempters display a ______ in addition to suicidal inclination

A

psychological disorder

26
Q

Four psychological disorders that may increase risk of suicide

A

depression, substance-use disorders, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder

27
Q

Borderline personality disorder has what behavioral feature that affects those around them

A

manipulation “if you leave me I will commit suicide”

28
Q

Copycat suicide, in which one publicized suicide results in more suicides

A

modelling

29
Q

Five triggers for modelling in suicide

A

family, friends, celebrities, coworkers, publicized suicides

30
Q

What two types of studies support biological view of suicide

A

family pedigree studies and twin studies

31
Q

Family pedigree studies and twin studies show what related to suicide

A

higher rates of suicide among parents and close relatives of those that commit suicide

32
Q

What brain chemical is low in people who commit suicide

A

serotonin

33
Q

Describe rates of suicide and people’s ages

A

rises until 64, declines, rises again over 84yo

34
Q

What has happened to rates of suicide in children over the past several decade

A

rising, boys outnumber girls 5

35
Q

In children what precedes suicidal attempt

A

behavior changes, eg running away, self-criticism, dark fantasies

36
Q

Are children confused about the meaning of death

A

no, suicidal children have clear wish to die

37
Q

Suicidal gestures increase after what age

A

14

38
Q

Teenagers have more ______ than _______ of suicide

A

attempts, completions

39
Q

Term for persistent suicidal thoughts

A

suicidal ideation

40
Q

Suicide is the _______ highest cause of death in teenagers

A

3rd highest, 10% of teen deaths are suicides

41
Q

Most common reason for teen suicides

A

great stress, all different kinds of stress

42
Q

Half of teen suicides are tied to what three things

A

clinical depression, low self-esteem, and hopelessness

43
Q

Five additional factors in teen suicides

A

anger, impulsiveness, poor problem solving, substance use, and stress

44
Q

Some theorists believe that __________ produces a stressful climate in which suicidal actions are more likely

A

the period of adolescence itself

45
Q

Describe suicides by ethnicity

A

American Indians > whites > blacks and Hispanics

46
Q

Age group most likely to commit suicide in Western society

A

the elderly

47
Q

Four contributory factors to elderly suicide

A

illness, loss of close friends and relatives, loss of control over life, loss of social status

48
Q

During the past 50 years, emphasis worldwide has shifted from suicide _______ to suicide _________

A

treatment, prevention

49
Q

Types of suicide programs in the US and England

A

suicide prevention programs and suicide hot lines

50
Q

National Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number

A

800-273-8255

51
Q

Both suicide prevention programs and suicide hot lines provide ________

A

crisis intervention

52
Q

Social policies to reduce suicide

A

gun control, bridge barriers, emissions controls

Abnormal Psychology (13 decks)

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