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Abnormal Psychology > 4-14 > Flashcards

4-14 Flashcards

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1
Q

A difficult life phase, 20% have diagnosable psychological disorder, bullying biggest problem, peer pressure for sex and alcohol, all cultures experience emotional and behavioral problems

A

adolescence

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2
Q

Are parent’s aware of their children’s stress

A

no, parents are not picking up on their children’s worries

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3
Q

General worries, school performance, family finances, getting into college, physical appearance

A

top worries of children and adolescents

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4
Q

_______ is a normal and common part of childhood

A

anxiety

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5
Q

For some children, anxieties become longlasting and overwhelming; they may be suffering from an__________

A

anxiety disorder

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6
Q

Although some of these disorders are similar to their adult counterparts, more often they ______from that of adult anxiety disorders

A

differ

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7
Q

Limited life experiences, awareness of parent’s problems, genetic reasons

A

reasons for childhood anxiety

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8
Q

Childhood anxiety disorders are dominated by what two types of symptoms

A

behavioral and somatic symptom

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9
Q

Symptoms that include stomachache, headache, queasiness

A

somatic complaints

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10
Q

A particular concern among children and adolescents is that of________

A

being bullied

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11
Q

Bathroom, hall, playground, cafeteria, school grounds

A

2/3rds of bullying happens here

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12
Q

What percent happens in the classroom while the teacher is there

A

1/3

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13
Q

Childhood anxiety disorder that begins as early as preschool, children do not want to be separated from parents of caregivers

A

Separation Anxiety Disorder

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14
Q

If Separation Anxiety Disorder is not dealt with, it may morph into what form in which child is afraid of going to school and may stay home for a long period of time

A

School Phobia or School Refusal

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15
Q

Dx 4+ weeks, fear of anxiety about separation, 3+ of separation upset, loss concern, fear of separation, resistance to leaving home/being alone, resistance to sleepaways, separation nightmares, physical symptoms

A

Dx of Separation Anxiety Disorder

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16
Q

Therapy technique for Childhood Anxiety Disorder that helps kids deal with anxieties through play, often relaxes the child

A

play therapy

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17
Q

What type of therapists use play therapy as part of treating Childhood Anxiety Disorders

A

Psychodynamic

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18
Q

What type of therapy for Childhood Anxiety Disorder is only used as a last resort

A

drug therapy

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19
Q

In the past, some people didn’t think children got ______ because they were not able to process ______ feelings

A

depressed

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20
Q

Disorder in children that may be triggered by major life events such as parent’s divorce, moving, rejection

A

major depressive disorder

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21
Q

Clinical depression is more common in what age group, suicidal thoughts and attempts are more common

A

adolescents

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22
Q

Before age 13, gender difference in depression

A

no difference

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23
Q

Between 13-16, gender difference in depression

A

girls 2x

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24
Q

Headaches, stomach pain, irritability, losing interest in toys and games

A

symptoms of depression in children

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25
Q

Treatment of adults for depression is/isnot as effective with children and adolescents

A

not as effective

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26
Q

The NIMH TADS study concludes that what type of therapy is less effective in teens than in adults

A

cognitive-behavioral therapy

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27
Q

What type of treatment may be highly dangerous for some depressed children and adolescents

A

antidepressant drugs

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28
Q

Since the mid-1990s, clinical theorists recognized that many children display _______ disorder

A

bipolar

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29
Q

Causes of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents are debated as what vs what

A

Increase in prevalence or new diagnostic trend

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30
Q

Related to bipolar in children, children display ______ in term of aggression and rage

A

mania

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31
Q

Childhood version of bipolar disorder, for children with severe patterns of rage, rectifies over-diagnosis and over-medication of children

A

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

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32
Q

Childhood disorder characterized by extreme hostility and defiance, argumentative and defiant, angry and irritable, and, in some cases, vindictive

A

OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER

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33
Q

For ODD, more boys than girls?

A

before puberty boys+, after puberty equal

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34
Q

Difference between ADHD and ODD

A

ADHD children are sweet

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35
Q

Childhood disorder characterized as a severe problem; children repeatedly violate the basic rights of others

A

CONDUCT DISORDER

36
Q

Dx 6+ mos, repeatedly violates rights of other or social norms, 3+ of bullying, threatening, fighting, weapons use, cruelty to animals/people, stealing, forced sex, fire-setting, destroying property, burglary, lying, breaking curfew, truancy

A

Conduct Disorder

37
Q

Genetics, drugs and alcohol, living in poverty, trauma exposure, exposure to violence and violent peers, troubled relationships

A

Causes of Conduct Disorder in children

38
Q

Sociocultural treatment, family interventions, for conduct disorder

A

parent-child interaction, video modeling, parent management training

39
Q

Type of family intervention for conduct disorder in which correct behavior is modeled for parents and children

A

parent-child interaction

40
Q

Parent-child interaction family intervention training conducted via video

A

video modelling

41
Q

Family intervention in which parents are given parental training

A

parent management

42
Q

Residential treatment, sociocultural, in community and programs at school

A

treatment in foster care

43
Q

Sociocultural treatment in which juveniles are sent to juvenile training centers, typically by order of a judge

A

institutionalization

44
Q

Conduct disorder cognitive behavioral treatment approach in which child is taught problem solving skills, anger coping and coping power, stimulant drug therapy

A

child-focused treatments

45
Q

Conduct disorder cognitive behavioral treatment approach in which child is taught ways to resolve problems

A

problem solving skills training

46
Q

Conduct disorder cognitive behavioral treatment approach in which children are taught emotional control, aggression control, social skills training

A

Anger Coping and Coping Power Program

47
Q

Conduct disorder cognitive behavioral treatment approach in which children are given drugs

A

stimulant drug therapy

48
Q

Conduct disorder cognitive behavioral treatment approach in which children are given mentorship, recreation, job training,basic healthcare eg big brother program

A

early intervention programs

49
Q

Children with ______ repeatedly urinate or pass feces in their clothes, in bed, or on the floor, symptoms not caused by physical illnesses or medications

A

elimination disorders

50
Q

Elimination disorder characterized by repeated involuntary or intentional bedwetting or wetting of one’s clothes

A

Enuresis

51
Q

Typically occurs at night during sleep but may also occur during the day, May be triggered by a stressful event, Must be at least 5 years of age

A

Enuresis

52
Q

Elimination disorder that decreases with age, Often involves a close relative with same problem, Corrects without treatment in most cases

A

Enuresis

53
Q

_______ explain Enuresis as a symptom of broader anxiety and underlying conflicts

A

Psychodynamic theorists

54
Q

_______ explain Enuresis as a symptom of disturbed family interactions

A

Family theorists

55
Q

_______ often view Enuresis as the result of improper, unrealistic, or coercive toilet training

A

Behaviorists

56
Q

_____ explain Enuresis as a symptom of a small bladder capacity or weak bladder muscles

A

Biological theorists

57
Q

Elimination disorder characterized by repeatedly defecating in one’s clothing; less common than enuresis and less well researched

A

Encopresis

58
Q

Elimination disorder that is usually involuntary, Seldom occurs during sleep, Starts after the age of 4, more common in boys than girls, causes intense social problems, shame, and embarrassment

A

Encopresis

59
Q

Elimination disorder caused by stress, constipation, improper toilet training, doesn’t understand or respond to bodily cues, or a combination

A

Encopresis

60
Q

Treatments for ______ elimination disorder include behavioral and medical approaches, or combinations of the two; family therapy

A

Encopresis

61
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by great difficulty attending to tasks, behaving overactively and impulsively, or both

A

ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)

62
Q

About _____ the children with ADHD also have learning or communication problems

A

half

63
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorder that usually persists through childhood, but many children show a lessening of symptoms as they move into mid-adolescence, mostly boys

A

ADHD

64
Q

Dx 6+ mos at least 6 of maladaptive attention, unable to attend to details, hard to maintain attention, fails to listen, fails to carry out instructions, disorganized, dislikes mental work, loses items, easily distracted, forgets to do everyday activities; 6+ mos at least 6 of hyperactivity, impulsivity, fidgety, waders, runs or climbs, unable to play quietly, constant motion, talks excessively, interrupts, doesn’t wait for turn, barges in; before age 12, more than 1 setting, impaired functioning

A

ADHD

65
Q

Theorists that explain ADHD by abnormal dopamine and norepinephrine activity, abnormalities in frontal-striatal regions of the brain, neural pathways connecting frontal lobe with basal ganglia

A

Biological theorist

66
Q

Theorists that explain ADHD by suggesting that ADHD symptoms and a diagnosis of ADHD may themselves create interpersonal problems and produce additional symptoms in the child

A

Sociocultural theorists

67
Q

Heated disagreement over treatment, but about ___ percent of all children and adolescents with ADHD receive treatment

A

80 percent

68
Q

Drug therapy (Ritalin), behavioral therapy, combination, Diagnostic interviews, rating scales, and psychological test

A

Most commonly applied ADHD treatments

69
Q

Educational programs use behavioral principles that clearly spell out targeted behaviors and program rewards and systematically reinforce appropriate behaviors, helpful for for children with ADHD

A

Behavioral Intervention

70
Q

Characterized by lack of responsiveness and social reciprocity, communication problems, wide range of highly rigid and repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities, mostly boys, symptoms before age 3

A

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

71
Q

Individuals with _______ may also exhibit unusual, rigid, and repetitive motor movements or self-stimulatory or self-injurious behaviors, and hyperreactivity or hyporeactivity

A

autism

72
Q

Symptom of spinning out” when there is a lot of stimulation

A

hyperreactivity

73
Q

Symptom of self-stimulating if there is not enough stimulation

A

hyporeactivity

74
Q

Symptom of inability to tolerate even the smallest changes

A

Preservation of sameness

75
Q

Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder explained by family dysfunction and social stress

A

Sociocultural causes

76
Q

Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder explained by central perceptual or cognitive disturbance or limitations, no theory of mind, “mind-blindness”

A

Psychological causes

77
Q

Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder explained by brain abnormalities, genetics, prenatal or birth complications, specific biological abnormalities, no proven vaccine link

A

Biological causes

78
Q

Doctor who identified autism and when

A

Leo Canner, 1943

79
Q

Symptom in which person repeats back exactly what you say

A

echolalia

80
Q

Symptom that involves confusion of pronouns

A

pronomial reversal

81
Q

Term for not having theory of mind

A

mind-blindness

82
Q

Treatment for autism that is most helpful when begun young, and involves both parents

A

cognitive-behavioral therapy

83
Q

Treatment for autism that involves teaching children ways to communicate eg sign language

A

communication training

84
Q

Treatment for autism that involves training parents to interact with autistic child

A

parent training

85
Q

Treatment for autism that involves community programs and teaching older autistic folks self-help skills

A

community integration

86
Q

Treatment for autism that involves drugs, vitamins eg large doses of vitamin C, B6, essential fatty acids, magnesium

A

drug therapy

Abnormal Psychology (13 decks)

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