3-12 Flashcards
Is there a cure for schizophrenia
no
A psychosis defined by loss of contact with reality, hallucinations, delusions
schizophrenia
Term that includes number of schizophrenia-like disorders listed in DSM-5, describes a spectrum of diagnosis based on severity of symptoms and length of time
schizophrenia spectrum disorder
DSM-5 diagnosis of Schizophrenia
6+ months of symptoms, deterioration in social relations and ability to care for themselves (poor hygiene, not paying bills), abnormal motor behavior like catatonia,
DSM-5 diagnosis of symptoms
pick two of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, abnormal motor behavior like catatonia, negative symptoms; at least one must be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, functions poorly in life spheres than prior to symptoms, symptoms continue for 6 months
Schizophrenia symptom that can linger on even after being on medication
poor hygiene
Term for false sensory perceptions
hallucinations
Term for false beliefs
delusions
Most common hallucination for schizophrenia
auditory hallucinations (hearing voices)
Describe demographics of schizophrenia disorder
1/100 people, worldwide, more in poor, equal men and women, more in divorced, next single, fewest married
Three groups of schizophrenia symptoms
positive, negative, psychomotor
Schizophrenia symptoms that describe over an beyond above normal symptoms
positive symptoms
Term for bizarre additions to a persons behavior
pathological excesses
Schizophrenia symptoms that describe below normal symptoms
negative symptoms
Schizophrenia symptoms that refer to unusual movements and gestures
psychomotor symptoms
Examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia
delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking and speech
Term for faulty interpretations of reality
delusions
Four common delusions of schizophrenia
persecution, reference, grandeur, control
Term for schizophrenia delusion that is most common, plotted against, slandered, spied on, threatened, attacked, victimized
persecution
Term for schizophrenia delusion that describes attachment of personal meaning to the action of others or various objects or events
reference
Term for schizophrenia delusion that describes person believing that they are a great figure in history comeback to save the world eg Jesus
grandeur
Term for schizophrenia delusion that describes person believing thoughts, actions are being controlled by someone else
control
Schizophrenia symptom that describe common symptom of incoherent statements, jumping from one topic to another
loose associations
Schizophrenia symptom that describe using made-up words
neologisms
Schizophrenia symptom that describes repetition of words and statements over and over
perseveration
Schizophrenia symptom that describes use of rhyming words to think and express themselves
clang
Extremely rare schizophrenia delusion of being an animal
lycanthropy
Most common schizophrenia hallucination
auditory hallucinations
Describe brain scans and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia
auditory lit up, frontal lobe dark; person hears sounds, but brains cannot recognize sounds are coming from within
Schizophrenia symptom cluster described as poverty of speech, blunted and flat speech, loss of volition, social withdrawal, memory problems
negative symptoms
Schizophrenia negative symptom described by blank facial expression, monotone voice, lack of emotion
flat affect
Schizophrenia negative symptom described by not engaging in speech
poverty of speech
Schizophrenia negative symptom described as being apathetic, drained of energy, fatigued, no interest in goals, ambivalence
loss of volition
Schizophrenia negative symptom described as pulling away from people, isolation
social withdrawal
Symptom cluster of schizophrenia that includes awkward movements, repeated grimaces, odd gestures, catatonia
psychomotor symptoms
Two psychomotor symptoms that may have a purpose but only known to the schizophrenic person
odd gestures and awkward movements
Extreme psychomotor symptom of schizophrenia that include stupor, rigidity, and excitement
catatonia
Schizophrenia catatonia symptom in which person stops responding to environment, remains motionless and silent for long periods of time
catatonic stupor
Schizophrenia catatonia symptom in which person keeps same posture or body position locked in, and will resist moving
catatonic rigidity
Schizophrenia catatonia symptom described as decreased response to stimuli and a tendency to remain in an immobile posture
waxy flexibility
Schizophrenia catatonia symptom in which person moves a lot, excited movements, waving arms
catatonic excitement
Schizophrenia usually first appears when for males and females
23 males, 27 females
Three phases of schizophrenia
prodromal, active, residual
First phase of schizophrenia, beginning of deterioration, milder symptoms
prodromal
Second phase of schizophrenia, readily apparent symptoms like hallucinations and delusions
active phase
Third phase of schizophrenia, return to milder symptoms, usually from being on medication
residual phase
Percent of people who do not recover from schizophrenia
75%
Of those who do recover, what was the cause of their schizophrenia
substance use disorder
Theoretical approach for explaining schizophrenia with the most research support
biological
Biological idea that people are born with predisposition to schizophrenia and it is triggered by environmental factors
diathesis-stress relationship
Research supporting genetic predisposition to schizophrenia shows what three things
relatives +, twins +, adoption following biological parents, genetic and molecular biology links
Genetic link of schizophrenia shows that alleles of gene mutations
are in the same place on the chromosome
Another genetic link is the tendency of alleles to be inherited
together during mitosis
Biological hypothesis that certain neurons that use dopamine fire too often, causing schizophrenia
dopamine hypothesis
Biological hypothesis that enlarged ventricles and abnormalities in other brain structures cause schizophrenia
abnormal brain structure
Biological explanation for schizophrenia that exposure to ______ before birth causes schizo, activated by hormones during puberty or another _____
viral infection
Evidence such as animal models, winter birth rate, infection rates of mothers, and presence of antibodies support the
viral infection biological hypothesis
Discredited theoretical approach to schizophrenia
psychodynamic
Type of cell in nervous system related to viral hypothesis
glial cells
Theoretical explanation of schizophrenia that includes “rational path to madness” and agreement that biological factors cause hallucinations and further features of schizophrenia emerge when people try to understand these delusions
cognitive approach
Theory that includes (1) hear voices, (2) go to relatives and friends, (3) they deny voices exist, (4) you decide they are hiding the truth, (5) you reject family and friends, (6) delusions and deep symptoms of schizophrenia develop
rational path to madness
Theoretical approach that includes multicultural factors, social labeling, and family dysfunction
sociocultural view
Sociocultural force contributing to schizophrenia related to the diathesis-stress model
family dysfunction
More conflict, poor communication, more critical, and over-involved are all part of what social force
family dysfunction
For much of human history, people with schizophrenia were considered
beyond help
Recently, what discovery has help treat schizophrenia by enabling people to think clearly enough to participate in therapy
antipsychotic drugs
In the past, people with schizophrenia were institutionalized and focus was on
restrain them and meeting their basic needs
Humanistic therapy that created social climate emphasizing productivity and responsibility
milieu therapy
Behavioral therapy for schizophrenia in which behaving a certain way gained you rewards “tokens”
token economies
Milieu therapy and token economies helped improve what two area of patient care
personal care and self-image
Psychosurgical treatment no longer performed, popular in 1940s and 1950s
lobotomy
Antihistamine used to calm surgery patients found to be helpful in treating schizophrenia
PHENOTHIAZINE
First generation antipsychotic drug for treating schizophrenia with bad side effects
thorazine
Second generation antipsychotics with lower side effects
atypical antipsychotics
What treatment approach is more effective than any other treatment approach alone for schizophrenia
drug therapy
Parkinsonian symptoms and tardive dyskinesia are two _______ effects of antipsychotic drugs
extrapyramidal symptoms
Extrapyramidal symptom caused by neuroleptic (antipsychotics) that may be permanent, involuntary and unusual movements like smacking
tardive dyskinesia
New class of antipsychotics that work on both dopamine and serotonin receptors for schizophrenia
atypical antipsychotics
Therapy approach involving educating patient on schizophrenia, on passing nature of hallucinations, tracking triggers of hallucinations, changing thinking on power of hallucinations
cognitive-behavioral therapy
Therapy approach that helps clients accept streams of problematic thoughts, become “detached and comfortable observers”
new-wave cognitive-behavioral therapy
Therapy that works with family member to lower expectations, lower expression of emotion, and offer support groups
family therapy
Therapy that helps patients with daily living tasks like problem solving, financial assistance, reduces rehospitalizations
social therapy
Syndrome of readmittance of patients because of lack of follow up
revolving door syndrome
Treatment response to revolving door syndrome, combination of coordinated services eg medication management
assertive community treatment
Day hospitalization aspect of assertive community treatment to reduce inpatient readmissions
partial hospitalization
Community treatment has failed because most people with schizophrenia do not receive treatment due to
poor coordination of services and shortage of services
Percent of homeless people with schizophrenia
one-third
Major feature of treatment for people recovering from severe mental disorders in countries around the world
community care
Organization that lobbies for people with mental illnesses
National Alliance on Mental Health NAMI
