extraction of NH4 from amino acids and transport to the liver

Question 1

what absorbs all amino acids you’ve degraded

Answer 1

liver

Question 2

what do the taken up amino acids by the liver get converted to

Answer 2

glutamate

Question 3

what do hydrolases do? whats an example

Answer 3

cleave molecules with the addition of water (proteinases)

Question 4

what does a oxidoreductase do

Answer 4

catalyze oxidation/ reduction reactions

Question 5

what do transferases do? whats an example

Answer 5

move a functional group from one molecule to another

kinases are an example

Question 6

what happens to ammonia when it is created

Answer 6

gets shipped out right away because its toxic

Question 7

where does transamination in amino group breakdown occur

Answer 7

cytosol

Question 8

where does oxidative deamination occur in amino group breakdown

Answer 8

mitochondria

Question 9

what happens in transamination reaction

Answer 9

an amino acid donates its amino group to to a ketoglutamate to make glutamate. leaving the first amino acid a carbon backbone called an a-keto acid

Question 10

what enzyme does the transaminase reaction

Answer 10

amino transferase

Question 11

what are the two groups that don’t get their nitrogens stripped by transamination

Answer 11

Lys and Thr

Question 12

what does aminotrasferase need to work

Answer 12

a co enzyme called pyridoxal phosphate

Question 13

where does aspartate aminotransferase do their work

Answer 13

liver mitochondrion

Question 14

where does alanine aminotransferases do their work

Answer 14

muscle cytosol

Question 15

what does glutamate get converted to in the mitochondrion

Answer 15

ammonia and a-ketogluterate

Question 16

what do all transaminases do?

Answer 16

use an co enzyme called pyridoxal phosphate

Question 17

what is an aldimine

Answer 17

imine (C=N) group

Question 18

what is an aldimine linkage also called

Answer 18

schiffs base

Question 19

what’s the 3 steps of the ping pong reaction

Answer 19

pyridoxal phosphate
pyridoxamine phospahte
pyridoxal phosphate

Question 20

what does glutamate get converted to

Answer 20

a-ketoglutarate

Question 21

what does aspartate get converted to

Answer 21

oxaloacetate

Question 22

what does alanine get converted to

Answer 22

pyruvate

Question 23

what are aminotrnsferases good markers for

Answer 23

liver and heart damage

Question 24

what are high levels of alanine aminotransferase called

Answer 24

glutamate pyruvate transaminase

Question 25

what are high levels of aspartate aminotransferase called

Answer 25

glutamate oxoalacetate transaminate

Question 26

what removes the amino group from glutamate in the mitochondria

Answer 26

glutamate dehydrogenase

Question 27

whats the intermediate in the mitochondria between glutamate and a-ketogluterate

Answer 27

ketimine intermediate

Question 28

where is glutamate dehydrogenase located

Answer 28

mitochondria

Question 29

what enzyme adds NH4 onto glutamate

Answer 29

glutamine synthatase

Question 30

where is glutamine transported to

Answer 30

the liver via the blood

Question 31

how is NH4 released from glutamine in the liver

Answer 31

glutaminase

Question 32

what is different about the transamination reaction in muscle

Answer 32

the glutamate amino group gets transported to pyruvate to form alanine

Question 33

how is NH4 transported to the liver

Answer 33

alanine or glutamine