amino acid biosynthesis

Question 1

where does 60% of nitrogen come from

Answer 1

nitrogen fixing Bacteria

Question 2

what are the main things that produce nitrogen

Answer 2

nitrogen fixing bacteria and nitrogen fixing soil bacteria

Question 3

what enzyme allows nitrogen fixing bacteria to fix nitrogen

Answer 3

nitrogenase

Question 4

what does nitrogenase require ? what does it convert

Answer 4

ATP, water molecules and electrical electrons

it converts nitrogen gas and makes 2 ammonia molecules from it

Question 5

what proteins are in nitrogenase

Answer 5

MoFe and reductase

Question 6

why is nitrogenase unique

Answer 6

because it contains MoFe protein

Question 7

what does O2 do to nitrogenase

Answer 7

acts as a poison to it

Question 8

what is the structure of reductase and nitrogenase

Answer 8

iron surfer clusters

Question 9

what are 2 ways of incorporating molybdenum into enzymes

Answer 9

nitrogenase has it within
but the others require the cofactor pterin

Question 10

what is an extra hepatic tissue

Answer 10

basically anything that’s not the liver

Question 11

whats the major biosynthetic donor of nitrogen

Answer 11

glutamine

Question 12

what is the main role of regulation for glutamate synthetase

Answer 12

the adenylation of the 12 subunits

Question 13

what are some allosteric inhibitors of glutamine synthetase

Answer 13

CTP, Alanine and carbsmoyl phosphate

they all indicate that there is enough amino acids within the system

Question 14

adenylated glutamine synthetase is _________

Answer 14

inactive

Question 15

deadenylated glutamine synthetase is ___________

Answer 15

active

Question 16

what controls the adenylation of glutamine synthetase

Answer 16

adenyl transferase

Question 17

aspartate + glutamine create what?
what is the enzyme of this reaction

Answer 17

asparagine and glutamate
asparagine synthase is the enzyme

Question 18

what does 3 - phosphoglycerate lead to

Answer 18

serine

Question 19

what 3 pathways are all amino acids built from

Answer 19

TCA
glycolysis
pentose phosphate

Question 20

where does a-ketoglutarate come from

Answer 20

TCA cycle

Question 21

where does pyruvate come from

Answer 21

glycolysis

Question 22

where does 3 phosphoglycerate come from

Answer 22

glycolysis

Question 23

what are the nonessential amino acids (5)

Answer 23

alanine
aspartate
glutamate
asparagine
serine

Question 24

what are the 3 conditionally essential amino acids?

why ?

Answer 24

arginine
glutamine
tyrosine

because we can make them ourselves but what we make might not be enough for what we need

Question 25

why don’t we make all 20 amino acids for ourselves

Answer 25

overtime we have stopped “wasting” energy making stuff that we supply to our diets already

Question 26

what are the intermediates and enzymes in the serine biosynthesis

Answer 26

3 - phosphoglycerate
3 - phosphohydroxypyruvate
3 - phosphoserine
serine

phosphoglycertae dehydrogenase
phosphoserine aminotransferase
phosphoserine phosphatase