exam two (microbial eukaryotes) Flashcards
5 supergroups of eukarya
archaeaplastida, SAR clade, excavata, amoeboza, opisthokonta
opisthokonta are ____ and ____
fungi and animals
fungi cell wall is ____
chitin
fungi are eukaryotic with membrane bound ___ and ___
nucleus and organelles
fungi are _____ and _____ to living organisms; they do not do photosynthesis
decomposers and pathogenic
two categories of fungi
yeast and mold
____ is unicellular (fungi)
yeast
____ consists of long filaments (Cells) called hyphae
mold
hyphae can be aerial instead of going deep and attaching, what is the aerial hyphae called
mycelium
at the tip of aerial hyphae there are ___
spores
there is a ___ ___ on mold (mushrooms), there are spores on these fruiting bodies
fruiting body
____ are obligate intracellular parasite which lack mitochondria and other organelles; as well as some metabolic genes (fungi)
microsporidia
the microsporidia punches through the host membrane with a ___ ___
polar tube
once the polar tube has been injected _____ (seeds) grow and divide inside the host cell; they grow and become microsporidia
sporoplasms
_____ is the earliest diverging fungal lineage
chytridiomycota
zoospores are a motile, single flagellum which allow what fungi to move (degrade organic matter)
chytridiomycota
bread mold (black) is what fungi
mucoromycota
largest fungal group; contains many fungal pathogens and sacrophytes
ascomycota
grows on dead organic matte
sacrophytes
what is ascomycota defining feature
ascus (sac that holds reproductive spores)
mushrooms; cryptococcus neoformans
basidiomycota
pedestal structure at the end of hyphae
basidium (has spores on top)
fungi
symbiots of 80% of plants; important component of mycorrhizae
glomeromycota
fungus provides nutrients and resides on plant root, plant provides carbohydrates (symbiosis)
glomeromycota
ectomycorrhiza grow on ____ of root between plant cells
outside
endomycorrhizae penetrate cell walls and grow on ____
inside
what is the wood wide web
interconnecting filaments around roots; network of mycelia that connect plants with each other
enhance growth, increase water/ nutrient uptake, support plant diversity and disease resistance, these are all ebenfits of?
mycorrhizae web
can live in water or land; have symbiotic and parasitic interactions; have unique motility behaviors
protists
true parasites are ___
protists
a diverse protist; ex. is giardia whicg causes intestinal distress
excavata
a type of excavata which is motile by flagellum in membrane flap
trypanosoma
trypanosoma are involved in whcih diseases (excavata)
tsetse fly (sleeping sickness’); kissing bug (chagas disease)
an aquatic motile, photosynthetic excavata
euglenids
photosynthetic protist; not parasitic to humans
euglena
in SAR clade: diatoms that are single cell algae; photosynthetic and have a cell wall of silica (protists)
stramenophiles
the cell wall of stramenophiles is unique why
it survives after death
protist
have little air sacs under membrane called alveoli (SAR clade)
alveolata
paramecium motile by cilia; eat bacteria through oral groove
ciliates (alveolata)
aqautic alveolata that have bioluminescense and do photosyntheiss
dinoflagellates
the dinoflagellates are the cause of
red tide
when you see red tide the dinoflagellates are releasing a toxin which builds up where
in shellfish, then humans eat it and get sick
are alveolata that are obligate parasites
apicomplexans
the apicomplexans have apical complex of organelles that aid in ___ ____; they are toxoplasmic (gets in cat litter because of mice) and have plasmodium
tissue invasion
member of SAR clade that is single celled and has threadlike pseudopodia (with calcium carbonate); help with motility and feeding
rhizaria
famous plasmodium causes ____ and invades red blood cells
malaria
Foraminifera
Radiolaria
are?
rhizaria
parasitic amoebozoa that is obtained from amebic dysentary: fecal contamination of water and food; grows on __ ___
entamoeba histolytica; intestinal mucosa
unicellular slime mold, which understarvation makes a multicellular slug; eventually creates a fruiting body to be unicellular again (amoebozoa)
dictyostelium
red and green algae; phycoerytherin comes from red algae. they are?
arachaeplastida
chlorphylls a and b; has volvox or chlamydomonas; endolithic algae
green algae
endolithic algae grows where
in rocks
colonial; and colony swims in coordinated fashion
volvox
4 type of important SAR clade (protists)
rhizaria, stramenophiles, alveolata, apicomplexans
