exam four (diseases) Flashcards
a rod shaped bacteria that is aerobic and slow growing (2 weeks to form colony)
mycobacterium tuberculosis
this cell wall contains waxes with 60 to 90 carbon mycolic acids; glycolipids
mycobacterial cell walls
a ____ results when the immune system is overwhelmed and microbe has taken over
disease
mycobacterial infections start out _____ but eventually lives inside immune cells
extracellular (attached to surface)
the cord factor is ____ in cell and are unique to mycobacterium
glycolipids
mycobacterium are ___ ___
acid fast
who discovered and isolated tuberculosis
robert koch
how can TB be spread
person-to-person; animal-to-person
TB is or is not a professional pathogen (1-10 bacteria can lead to disease)
is
the primary infection of TB is induced when host ___
inhales
in the alveoli of the lung TB is recognized by ___ ____; TB turns off macrophage when it is inside of it and walls itself off inside of it (become intracellular)
alveoli macrophages
TB
the bacteria replicate and gather forming a ____
granuloma; ghon complex (Calcified)
the aggregation of macrophages around M. tuberculosis
tubercules
the ghon complexes can stay walled off for months to decades; the bacteria will break its macrophage wall and _____
disseminate
to detect for TB, ____ is injected into the skin to look for reaction
PPD
what is miracle drug treatment for TB
streptomycin (lots of resistance now)
what is the follow up for a positive TB test
chest x-ray, blood culture, DNA probes
today in an active TB disease there is a ___ ____ therapy over 6-9 months
mult-drug
multi-drug resistant TB is ____ to multiple drugs and is on the rise
resistant
the mycobacterium leprae only known reservoir is
humans
leprosy incubates for ___ to ____ years
3 to 5
leprosy is what type of pathogen; it invades nerve or skin cells
obligate intracellular
______ leprosy is less aggressive and less progressive; it causes hypersensitivity causing skin lesions and damage to nerves and skin
tuberculoid
______ leprosy invades the skin schwann cells which have large bacterial numbers; there will be nodules all over and peripheral nerves are destroyed
lepromatous
______virus has ssRNA genome and is neurotropic (attactes to nervous system) ; most wild animals can become infected; causes rage
rhabdovirus (rabies)
the rhabdovirus infects through
saliva (biting often associated)
the rhabdovirus binds, enters, multiplies inside muscle cells and then attacks what (creates negri bodies; which continue to replicate)
neurons (once in spinal cord; spreads throughout the body)
symptoms of rabies occur how many weeks after exposure
2-6
how effective is the rabies virus
100% effective
gram negative bacteria called ___ ____ that causes bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic plague
yersinia pestis
yersinia pestis cannot infect ___ ____ even though it is in the enterobacteriaceae family
intestinal tract
yersinia pestis
rodents are natural reservoir and is transmitted by what vector
flea
y.pestis lost its functionality for adhesin and invasin but gained ____ plasmid for flea survival
pCD1
The plasmid pCD1 encodes for _____ and ____
T3SS and toxins
The pCD1 plasmid contains yops which are toxins and when it encounters a macrophge it does what
inhibits phagocytosis and prevents pro-inflammatory response
local cutaneous infection to lymph node is which plague
bubonic
this plague spreads systemically through bloodstream; causes sepsis
septicemic
this plague spreads by inhalation; highly contagious by respiratory secretions
pneumonic
