exam four (diseases)

Question 1

a rod shaped bacteria that is aerobic and slow growing (2 weeks to form colony)

Answer 1

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 2

this cell wall contains waxes with 60 to 90 carbon mycolic acids; glycolipids

Answer 2

mycobacterial cell walls

Question 3

a ____ results when the immune system is overwhelmed and microbe has taken over

Answer 3

disease

Question 4

mycobacterial infections start out _____ but eventually lives inside immune cells

Answer 4

extracellular (attached to surface)

Question 5

the cord factor is ____ in cell and are unique to mycobacterium

Answer 5

glycolipids

Question 6

mycobacterium are ___ ___

Answer 6

acid fast

Question 7

who discovered and isolated tuberculosis

Answer 7

robert koch

Question 8

how can TB be spread

Answer 8

person-to-person; animal-to-person

Question 9

TB is or is not a professional pathogen (1-10 bacteria can lead to disease)

Answer 9

is

Question 10

the primary infection of TB is induced when host ___

Answer 10

inhales

Question 11

in the alveoli of the lung TB is recognized by ___ ____; TB turns off macrophage when it is inside of it and walls itself off inside of it (become intracellular)

Answer 11

alveoli macrophages

Question 12

TB

the bacteria replicate and gather forming a ____

Answer 12

granuloma; ghon complex (Calcified)

Question 13

the aggregation of macrophages around M. tuberculosis

Answer 13

tubercules

Question 14

the ghon complexes can stay walled off for months to decades; the bacteria will break its macrophage wall and _____

Answer 14

disseminate

Question 15

to detect for TB, ____ is injected into the skin to look for reaction

Answer 15

PPD

Question 16

what is miracle drug treatment for TB

Answer 16

streptomycin (lots of resistance now)

Question 17

what is the follow up for a positive TB test

Answer 17

chest x-ray, blood culture, DNA probes

Question 18

today in an active TB disease there is a ___ ____ therapy over 6-9 months

Answer 18

mult-drug

Question 19

multi-drug resistant TB is ____ to multiple drugs and is on the rise

Answer 19

resistant

Question 20

the mycobacterium leprae only known reservoir is

Answer 20

humans

Question 21

leprosy incubates for ___ to ____ years

Answer 21

3 to 5

Question 22

leprosy is what type of pathogen; it invades nerve or skin cells

Answer 22

obligate intracellular

Question 23

______ leprosy is less aggressive and less progressive; it causes hypersensitivity causing skin lesions and damage to nerves and skin

Answer 23

tuberculoid

Question 24

______ leprosy invades the skin schwann cells which have large bacterial numbers; there will be nodules all over and peripheral nerves are destroyed

Answer 24

lepromatous

Question 25

______virus has ssRNA genome and is neurotropic (attactes to nervous system) ; most wild animals can become infected; causes rage

Answer 25

rhabdovirus (rabies)

Question 26

the rhabdovirus infects through

Answer 26

saliva (biting often associated)

Question 27

the rhabdovirus binds, enters, multiplies inside muscle cells and then attacks what (creates negri bodies; which continue to replicate)

Answer 27

neurons (once in spinal cord; spreads throughout the body)

Question 28

symptoms of rabies occur how many weeks after exposure

Answer 28

2-6

Question 29

how effective is the rabies virus

Answer 29

100% effective

Question 30

gram negative bacteria called ___ ____ that causes bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic plague

Answer 30

yersinia pestis

Question 31

yersinia pestis cannot infect ___ ____ even though it is in the enterobacteriaceae family

Answer 31

intestinal tract

Question 32

yersinia pestis

rodents are natural reservoir and is transmitted by what vector

Answer 32

flea

Question 34

y.pestis lost its functionality for adhesin and invasin but gained ____ plasmid for flea survival

Answer 34

pCD1

Question 35

The plasmid pCD1 encodes for _____ and ____

Answer 35

T3SS and toxins

Question 36

The pCD1 plasmid contains yops which are toxins and when it encounters a macrophge it does what

Answer 36

inhibits phagocytosis and prevents pro-inflammatory response

Question 37

local cutaneous infection to lymph node is which plague

Answer 37

bubonic

Question 38

this plague spreads systemically through bloodstream; causes sepsis

Answer 38

septicemic

Question 39

this plague spreads by inhalation; highly contagious by respiratory secretions

Answer 39

pneumonic