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microbiology > exam four (clinical microbiology) > Flashcards

exam four (clinical microbiology) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

isolate and identify pathogenic microorganisms from specimens

A

clinical microbiologist

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2
Q

a ____ sample looks for antibodies ot antigens using agglutination (immunological assay)

A

blood

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3
Q

molecular assays can be divided into

A

antigen assays and molecular assays

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4
Q

non-pathogens; general safety standards (PPE as needed); a door and a sink level

A

BSL-1

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5
Q

human disease, moderate hazard “indigenous”; restricted access; autoclave for waste

A

BSL-2

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6
Q

idigenous or exotic; serious or lethal disease by respiratory transmission; medical surveillance, controlled access

A

BSL-3

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7
Q

dangerous and exotic; high risk of aerosol transmission

A

BSL-4

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8
Q

what samples can come from needle aspiration

A

blood, CSF, urine

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9
Q

potentially infected human material collected for testing

A

clinical sample

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10
Q

there can be an issue with urine collection if there is not a __ ____ midstream (because of normal flora)

A

clean catch

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11
Q

the ____ being clean and inserted correctly can be accurate

A

catheter

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12
Q

the ____ sample for things like pneumonia need to come from deep in the lungs which will show long columnar epithelial cells

A

sputum

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13
Q

three collections from wounds or abcesses

A

swab, needle aspiration, biopsy/surgical removal

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14
Q

for ____ the transport vile needs to be sealed and specific to the microbe

A

anaerobes

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15
Q

bacteria grow quickly so transportation needs to be quick and should be ____ to stop growth

A

refrigerated

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16
Q

direct examination; staining

A

microscopy

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17
Q

detect presence of pathogen using immunofluorescence is _____

A

direct (looks for pathogen)

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18
Q

detecting the presence of antibodies to pathogen with immunofluorescence

A

indirect

19
Q

the lab will add an ___ to a slide which will show up fluorescent and attach to the _____ (this allows us to identify the specific microbe); direct

A

antibody; antigen (shows pathogen is there and causing harm)

20
Q

The antibody in _____ is maybe coming from patient and then it will be added to bacteria on plate; a secondary antibody will be bought to attach to the patients antibody (if patients antibody attached to bacterium then the secondary antibody will attach to the patient antibody)

A

indirect (says antibodies are there meaning pathogen could be there or has been there)

21
Q

you can grow viruses in culture but it takes awhile and youre looking for _____ effects (changes in the cell that show virus is present)

A

cytopathic

22
Q

fungal media will have colony morphology that look _____

A

fuzzy

23
Q

most ____ are intracellular parasites and very difficult to grow; usually identify by microscopy not growth

A

protozoans

24
Q

gas production is an indicator of ____ change (visible changes based off biochem.)

A

metabolic

25
Q

important for figuring out what antimicrobial to prescribe

A

antimicrobial susceptibility testing

26
Q

phages specific for specific species of bacteria ; test range of of phages on a lawn of unknown bacteria (plaques will form is susceptible; show where phages destroy bacterium)

A

bacteriophage typing

27
Q

skin tests that check for antibodies to pathogen or antigens of pathogen (TB)

A

serology

28
Q

____ are highly specific (used to defend you) they are lock and key fits to antigens ; each strain of microorganism is specific

A

antibodies

29
Q

_____ can show antibodies that are in the blood by clumping with the antigen

A

agglutination

30
Q

the western blot separates protein based on size and then antibody is added into the membrane; what will the antibody do

A

the antibody will lock and key fit to the protein we’re looking for

31
Q

if the antibody stuck to the protein a 2° antibody will stick to the original antibody; the enzyme attached to the 2° will form an _____ product; which then sticks to the membrane (western blot); when the western blot is washed the antibodies and protein will stick

A

insoluble

32
Q

HIV proteins on a western blot would be

A

gp41 and p24

33
Q

the ___ EIA looks for the presence of antigen in patient sample

A

direct

34
Q

the _____ EIA looks for antibody from patient sample

A

indirect

35
Q

The antibody in EIA is attached to solid-phase support surface and then the patient sample is added; the antigen will attach if present and the 2° antibody will attach to the antigen from the patient; secondary has enzyme which makes ____ if the antigen is present in patient

A

a soluble color changed product

36
Q

the indirect EIA surface is coated with antigen; the patient sample may have ____ which attach to the antigen; secondary antibody will attach to patient antibody and creates soluble color change (the more antibody the darker the color change)

A

antibodies

37
Q

on the test line there is a ____ antibody; but the tagged antibody is ____

A

fixed; mobile

38
Q

(rapid test_ the fixed antibody will attach to the the mobile antibody/ antigen complex; then the control line says

A

the assay worked (the test line shows presence of antigen)

39
Q

the probe in nucleic acid test will only attach to ss ___ or ____ from microbe (may not be active infection; microbe could be dead and release DNA)

A

DNA or RNA

40
Q

the nucleic acid test can be detected by what three pathways

A

color change, fluorescence, radioactivity

41
Q

measure levels of specific DNA fragments or RNA; measure intensity (how much DNA is present )

A

quantitative PCR

42
Q

tests for metabolites and lipids

A

gas-liquid chromatography

42
Q

superseding phenotypic tests; identify metabolites and proteins

A

mass spectroscopy

43
Q

_____ take a sample that is introduced to bioreceptors which interact with interface and create a electric current

A

biosensors

microbiology (17 decks)

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