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microbiology > exam two (archaea) > Flashcards

exam two (archaea) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

archaea are found in _____ environments and humans

A

extreme

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2
Q

archaea are _____ but not bacteria (no membrane bound nucleus)

A

prokaryotic

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3
Q

no archaea to date are ____ forming; they are difficult to grow and characterize

A

spore

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4
Q

the archaea have what kind of chromosomes and some _____

A

circle; plasmids

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5
Q

archaea have NAG or NAM?

A

NAG

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6
Q

instead of peptidoglycan archaea have

A

psuedomurein

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7
Q

The peptides of archaea cell wall come off of

A

fake NAM

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8
Q

archaea have L,D or both amino acids in cell wall

A

L only

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9
Q

proteins and glycoproteins attached to cell wall in archaea is called

A

s layer

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10
Q

archaea typically have only one ___ __

A

cell membrane

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11
Q

archaea have ___ _____ similar to bacteria

A

gene organization

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12
Q

plasmids of archaea are _____ like bacteria

A

supplemental

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13
Q

replicating DNA of archaea is similar to ___ (circular)

A

bacteria

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14
Q

the proteins of replication in archaea are similar to ______ (RNA polymerase and initiation proteins)

A

eukaryotes

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15
Q

gene promoter sequences of archaea are similar to ____

A

eukaryotes

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16
Q

gene regulation and organization of archaea are similar to

A

bacteria

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17
Q

the archaea are ____ ribosomes

A

70S

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18
Q

archaea have a ____ response to drugs

A

eukaryotic

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19
Q

archaea have no ___ ____ organelles like bacteria

A

membrane bound

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20
Q

the replication, translation and transcription of archaea are a mix with proteins like _____ but processes like _____

A

bacteria; eukaryotes

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21
Q

crenarchaeota are _____ philes and survive past ____

A

thermo; 100°C

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22
Q

most of the crenarchaeota are dependent upon and metabolize _____

A

sulfur

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23
Q

what archeae phyla could be found in volcanoes and hot aquatic habits

A

crenarchaeota

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24
Q

thermophile; aerobic and irregularly lobed (pleomorphic); can grow up to 90°C and pH 1-5

A

sulfolobus

25
Q

how do sulfolobus matabolize sulfur compounds

A

attach to sulfur crystals

26
Q

thermophile; growth optimum at 90°C, with no S-layer but has an outer cell membrane and inner membrane

A

ignocccus

27
Q

between inner and outer membrane of ignococcus there are

A

membrane bound vessicles and a periplasm like substance

28
Q

____ archaea can be known as halophiles

A

euryarchaeota

29
Q

most diverse group; contain methanogens and thermoplasms (like acids) with no cell wall and hyperthermophiles

A

euryarchaeota

30
Q

require salt conc. between 9-32% (thrive between 12-23)

A

halophile

31
Q

euryarchaeota; halophile containing archaerhodopsin associated with retinal

A

halobacterium salinarum

32
Q

the ____ in halobacterium changes configuration and allows archaea to pump out H+ from cell and allows the cell to make energy (using single photon of light)

A

retinal

33
Q

euryarchaeota; ____ have a range of habitats and produce methane (can be found in animal intestines)

A

methanogens

34
Q

producing methane is an exclusive activity of

A

archaea

35
Q

what is the model methanogen

A

methanocaldococcus jannaschii

36
Q

methanocaldococcus jannaschii has metabolism and cell division genes like ____

A

bacteria

37
Q

methanocaldococcus jannaschii has transcription and translation genes like ______

A

eukaryotes

38
Q

methanopyrus are found in hydrothermal vents and can grow at _____; to withstand this temp. it has unique membrane ____

A

122°C; lipids

39
Q

what is the unique membrane of methanopyrus

A

unsaturated double bonds

40
Q

euryachaeotes; grow in high acid, have no cell wall and have LPS-like lipoglycan membrane

A

thermoplasms

41
Q

ferroplasma has no ___ ____ and is a thermoplasm

A

cell wall

42
Q

picrophilus are the most extreme and has a cell wall but can withstand pH below

A

0

43
Q

euryarchaeotes; a hyperthermophile that is in hydrothermal vents and contains some methanogenisis genes but lost most

A

archaeoglobus

44
Q

used to be part of chrenarc. but they are not thermphilic; they can grow in low nutrients and metabolize ammonia

A

thaumarchaeota

45
Q

thaumarchaeota has ______ a very specific lipid that contains ring structures for stability

A

crenarchaeol

46
Q

has one species identified: nanoarchaeum equitans

A

nanoarchaeota

47
Q

the nanoarchaeum equitans are symbiotic with ____ ; needs it to survive

A

ignicoccus hospitalis

48
Q

are found in geothermal habitats, only one characterized species

A

korarchaeota

49
Q

lokiarchaeota, aigarchaeota, and bathyarchaeota are identified but not characterized, why?

A

cannot be grown and replicated because of difficult environments

50
Q

the upper limit of life at high temperatre us 150°C why?

A

thats when ATP hydrolyzes

51
Q

archaea are able to survive what two molecules

A

ATP, NADH

52
Q

the archaea have ____ cores (less likely to fold), alpha helices, chaperones (heat shock proteins); what do these help them stabilize?

A

hydrophobic; proteins

53
Q

halophiles requires ___ to stabilize proteins

A

K+

54
Q

archaea stabilize lipids how

A

tetraethers and unsaturated phytanals (double bond)

55
Q

how do archaea stabilze rRNA

A

higher GC count

56
Q

how do archeae stabilize DNA

A

reverse, DNA gyrase, addition of solutes, and DNA binding proteins (histone like)

57
Q

positive supercoils in hyperthermophiles are called

A

reverse DNA gyrase

58
Q
A

microbiology (17 decks)

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