exam one (bacteria) Flashcards
bacteria
what are the three notable alphaproteobacteria
rickettsia, rhizobium. agrobacterium
what disease causes rocky mountain spotted fever and attached to ticks
rickettsia
what is unique about rickettsia
it is obligate intracellular, which means it has to be inside of the cell to replicate
what alphaproteobacteria is symbiotic with plant
rhizobia
what alphaproteobacteria is harmful to plant causing tumors
agrobacterium
purple nonsulfur bacteria are photosynthetic but not producing ____ (alpha)
oxygen
rhizobium fixes ____ for plant and makes it into ammonium and the plant sends carbon in form of _____
nitrogen, glucose
the stalk on ______ bacterium is called a steadfast, it attaches to a surface(alpha)
caulobacter
once the stalk/steadfast is attached to surface it gets signal to replicate from tip and it repliactes with a ____
flagellum (makes it motile)
the caulobacter will lose ____ and then forms new stalk to attach
flagellum
neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis is part of the _____ proteobacteria (diplococci)
beta
what type of diversities are betaproteobacteria known for
metabolic and functional
bordetella percussis is also known as ___ ____ and is a ____ proteobacteria
wooping cough, beta
burkholderia cepacia is found in ____ environments (beta; hospital acquired)
aqueous
the ___ proteobacteria group are the ____ and most ____
largest, diverse
enteric organisms found in the gut common ones which are gamma
E. Coli, Salmonella, Yersinia, Klebsiella (gram -, similar morphology)
deltaproteobacteria can be split into two groups what are they?
predators (of other bacteria) and anaerobes using sulfur and metals (to grow)
two types of predatory deltapro.
bdellovibrio and myxococcus
bdellovibrio swims and collides with its prey and attaches then _____ into prey
integrates
the bdellovibrio is inside the periplasm of gram __ and elongates then lyses the bacterium and releases progeny
negative
mycococcus xanthus (fungus-like) invades and consumes other bacteria, it forms a ____ when there is a starvation threat
mound
mound structure of mycococcus xanthus forms fruiting bodies which make ______ that are ready to find pray
myxospores
smallest class of proteobacteria
epsilon
three examples of extreme bacteria
aquifex pyrophilus, deinococcus radiodurans
aquifex pyrophilus thrives and grows up to ___°C (does not infect humans; oldest branch of bacteria)
95
what extreme bacteria is resistant to radiation and desiccation; have layers and layers of protection (stain as gram +, even though they are gram -, no lipid A or DAP)
deinococcus radiodurans
photsynthetic bacteria that produce oxygen (largest group and are attracted to light)
Cyanobacteria
green, purple sulfer and nonsulfer do photosynthesis how?
without oxygen
exception: membrane bound thylakoid membranes in cyanobacteria which contain phycobilisomes, what is their function?
collect light and transfer energy to PSII
filamentous cyanobacteria that forms when ___ is low
a heterocyst, Nitrogen
The heterocyst provides ammonium to other cyanobacteria, while the other cyanobacteria cells are sending the heterocyst C, this is a ____ ____
survival mechanism and symbiosis
chlamydiae are ____ ____ ___; always cause a disease in human host (usually phagocytes); Lack FtsZ
obligate intracellular pathogen
spirochetes have ___ ____
endoflagella
two types of diseases from spirochetes
syphilis and lyme disease
what group produces sphingolipid (common in mammals but not bacteria)
bacteroidetes
a bacteria that forms spores will be
gram +
gram + can be divided into low and high ___
GC
a high GC count will make DNA strands more resistant why
triple bonds are harder to pull apart
actinobacteria have ___ GC count (gram +)
high
tenericutes are unique why (gram +)
no cell wall
firmicutes have ___ GC (gram +)
low
lactobacillales are ____, produce lactic acid (streptococcus and lactobacillus)
fermenters
three important orders of firmicute
clostridiales, lactobacillales, bacillales
bacillales have spore forming and non spore forming
non spore: staph and listeria
spore: b. subtilis and b. anthracis
a model organism for gram + bacterium
b. subtilis
have high GC count, rods and filamentous hyphae, diptheria causing toxic fits in this group
actinobacteria
mycobacterium are rod shaped and can cause tuberculosis and lepracy, what group do they fit into
actinobacteria
streptomyces are actinobacteria that help make _____
antibiotics
a substrate mycelium can be known as the ___
