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Genetics > Exam Three Online Part Two > Flashcards

Exam Three Online Part Two Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

select the order in which the following steps should be performed to express a eukaryotic protein in bacterial cells
1- identify a cDNA clone of the gene that encodes the protein
2- transform bacterial cells with the plasmid
3- insert the cDNA downstream of the lac control region in a plasmid
4- break open the bacterial cells and purify the eukaryotic protein
5- grow the bacterial cells to high density

A

3,2,1,5,4

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2
Q

RNA-seq refers to a type of study in which cDNA is sequenced to determine the transcriptome for a particular cell type of an organism
true/false

A

true

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3
Q

tryptophan controls its own synthesis by binding:
the trp operator
the trp promoter
trp genes
the TrpR repressor

A

the TrpR repressor

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4
Q

the lac repressor cannot bind the operator when bound to:
lactose
transcription factors
b-galactosidase
glucose

A

lactose

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5
Q

termination of transcription may be dependent or independent of the Rho (p) protein factor
true/false

A

true

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6
Q

the cytosine bases in CpG islands are usually unmethylated because activators that bind to CpG islands, and increase transcription of nearby genes, prevent their methylation
true/false

A

true

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7
Q

the disease Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), caused by a loss of function mutation of a gene called RPE65, has been treated with gene therapy by injecting recombinant AAV vectors containing a normal copy of RPE65 gene into their retinal epithelial cells. patients receiving this therapy:
may acquire detrimental mutations due to integration of the virus
may need to repeat the treatment as the viral DNA is degraded
now have the normal RPE65 gene in all retinal cells
will pass the mutation to their offspring

A

now have the normal RPE65 gene in all retinal cells

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8
Q

CRISPR sequences occur naturally as:
an antiviral immune system in bacteria
an antibacterial immune system in all eukaryotes
a gene editing system in bacteria

A

an antiviral immune system in bacteria

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9
Q

a trait unique to embryonic stem cells that makes them useful for generating knockout animals is that they:
are totipotent
can be grown in culture
have been isolated from mice
are extremely well characterized at the molecular level

A

are totipotent

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10
Q

in an interrupted mating experiment which would be the appropriate strain to cross with an Hfr strain that is Pyr+, Met+, Xyl+, and Arg+?:
a Pyr+, Met+, Xyl+, and Arg+
a Pyr-, Met-, Xyl-, and Arg-
a Pyr+, Met-, Xyl+, Arg-

A

a Pyr-, Met-, Xyl-, and Arg-

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11
Q

epigenetic changes that are inherited from one generation to the next can involve which of the following:
methylation of histones
methylation of DNA
change in the DNA sequence

A

methylation of DNA

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12
Q

about how large is the human mitochondrial genome:
hundreds of bases
thousands of bases
millions of bases
billions of bases

A

thousands of bases

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13
Q

a transcription factor increases initiation of transcription by:
association with an enhancer element
association with a promoter
methylating cytosine

A

association with an enhancer element

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14
Q

gene regulation typically occurs at what level?:
DNA replication
translation
transcription
post-translation

A

transcription

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15
Q

catabolic pathways that break down complex substances into more usable units are usually regulated by ___; anabolic pathways are usually regulated by ___:
end product of the pathway; end product of the pathway
end product of the pathway; substrate of the pathway
substrate of the pathway; end product of the pathway
substrate of the pathway; intermediates of the pathway

A

substrate of the pathway; end product of the pathway

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16
Q

which of the listed motifs is associated with dimer formation?:
zinc finger
helix-loop-helix
leucine zipper

A

leucine zipper

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17
Q

which are the least related in terms of mtDNA sequence?:
father and daughter
mother and son
grandchild and maternal grandmother
nephew and maternal aunt

A

father and daughter

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18
Q

transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes differs most with respect to:
codon usage
mRNA processing
induction of genes by small molecules
RNA polymerase binding to promoters

A

mRNA processing

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19
Q

activators can lead to chromatin remodeling
true/false

A

true

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20
Q

heterochromatin is more highly condensed than euchromatin
true/false

A

true

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21
Q

transmission of organelle-encoded traits is usually uniparental
true/false

A

true

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22
Q

mitochondria read some of the miDNA codons differently that that for genomic DNA
true/false

A

true

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23
Q

ChIPSeq is used to determine the amino acid sequence of chunks of proteins like ribosomes
true/false

A

false

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24
Q

if you want to study the effects of knocking out an essential gene in a mouse it can be done using a conditional mutation
true/false

A

true

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25
Q

RNA editing involves changing the sequence of the genes for rRNA
true/false

A

false

26
Q

severity of MERFF is associated with the degree of mutant mito in heteroplasmic cells
true/false

A

true

27
Q

interrupted mating or cotransduction experiments can demonstrate the order of genes on a bacterial chromosome
true/false

A

true

28
Q

inheritance patterns of non-nuclear DNA is referred to as non-mendelian inheritance
true/false

A

true

29
Q

in a gain of function disease like Huntington gene therapy with a gene coding for miRNA could be a useful approach to treatment
true/false

A

true

30
Q

DNA folding has no role in regulation of gene expression
true/false

A

false

31
Q

transcription factors generally bind as dimers or multidimers
true/false

A

true

32
Q

human proteins that can be used as drugs can now be produced in transgenic animals such as sheep
true/false

A

true

33
Q

miRNA is a type of RNAi that increases transcript levels
true/false

A

false

34
Q

eukaryotic genes are regulated by more proteins than are those in a prokaryote
true/false

A

true

35
Q

histones can participate in the regulation of gene expression
true/false

A

true

36
Q

which of these is NOT a type of histone modification:
acetylation
methylation
glycosylation

A

glycosylation

37
Q

gain or loss of a large chromosome in a germ cell is usually lethal in the zygote
true/false

A

true

38
Q

some transposons can move in the form of RNA
true/false

A

true

39
Q

all histones are part of the nucleosome
true/false

A

false

40
Q

an idiogram shows the position of genes and segments on a chromosome
true/false

A

true

41
Q

parent specific silencing of genes is called ___ and an example of a disease inherited in the manner would be___

A

imprinting
Angelmans

42
Q

a group of structural genes in bacteria with a common function and under the control of a common promoter is called a ___

A

operon

43
Q

in catabolite repression of the lac and other operons, the activity of the CRP protein depends on what small molecule binding to it?

A

cAMP

44
Q

what are two examples of post-translational protein modifications

A

protein localization and protein modification (addition of chemical constituents)

45
Q

what 2 domains do all transcription factors have on them

A

DNA binding and inducer binding

46
Q

heterochromatin can spread along a chromosome and silence nearby genes
true/false

A

true

47
Q

most cells have telomerase
true/false

A

false

48
Q

cohesin complexes are found in the kinetochores
true/false

A

false

49
Q

a site that is DNAse hypersensitive would be transcriptionally active
true/false

A

true

50
Q

the 2 main categories of proteins associated with DNA are histones and ___

A

nonhistones

51
Q

eukaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication each
true/false

A

false

52
Q

an inversion can affect phenotype if it disrupts a gene
true/false

A

true

53
Q

give an example of a reciprocal translocation

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia

54
Q

not all people with Down syndrome have a trisomy
true/false

A

true

55
Q

which of these is NOT normally part of a transposon:
LTR
transposase
telomerase

A

telomerase

56
Q

most organisms tolerate aneuploidy for sex chromosomes
true/false

A

true

57
Q

which of these is NOT likely to result in the formation of a loop during crossing over in meiosis:
insertion
deletion
inversion
translocation

A

translocation

58
Q

bacterial chromosomes tend to have more introns than eukaryotic chromosomes
true/false

A

false

59
Q

list at least 5 levels of control of gene expression in eukaryotes

A
  1. transcription initiation
  2. post transcriptional modifications
  3. translation initiation
  4. translation elongation
  5. post translational protein modifications
60
Q

how do you use a reporter gene (and give example) to see how a gene is regulated

A

reporter genes identify enhancers, GFP

61
Q

a type of RNA that can change shape upon binding a small molecule and then regulate gene expression is called a

A

riboswitch

Genetics (24 decks)

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