Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Genetics > Chapter Six: DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination > Flashcards

Chapter Six: DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination Flashcards

1
Q

studied white blood cells in pus from wound bandages

A

Meischer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Meischer isolated ___

A

nuclein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

studied streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Griffith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

s. pneumoniae has two forms ___ and ___

A

rough and smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when mice are injected with smooth, ___. when they are injected with smooth that has mutated to rough ___. when smooth is heated up and injected, ___. when smooth is heated up and injected with rough, ___.

A

they died
they live
they live
they died

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

___ could be recovered from tissue of mice that died from heated up smooth bacteria

A

living smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the ability of a substance to change the genetic characteristic of an organism

A

transformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

studied and discovered the transforming principle

A

Avery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Avery found the transforming principle to be ___

A

nucleic acids (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

studied and discovered base ratios

A

Chargaff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sugar and a base

A

nucleoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sugar, base, phosphate group

A

nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

studied bacteriophages and performed the blender experiment

A

Hershey and Chase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

three other facts that point to DNA as the transforming principle

A
  1. the amount of DNA is constant within organisms but different between species
  2. haploid cells have half the DNA as diploid cells
  3. DNA is metabolically stable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

performed X-ray diffraction to show a helix structure of DNA

A

Franklin and Wilkins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

took base rations and picture to deduce DNA helices structure

A

Watson and Crick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bases are connected by ___

A

hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A-T with ___ hydrogen bonds, G-C with ___ hydrogen bonds

A

two
three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

there are ___ angstroms between every nucleotide

A

3.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

there are ___ angstroms and ___ nucleotides in one complete turn

A

34
10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DNA is ___ angstroms wide

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when two pyrimidines pair instead of pairing with a purine

A

DNA bulge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

can break hydrogen bonds with ___, takes more heat to break them between ___

A

heat
G-C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

strands of DNA are held together with ___

A

covalent bonds

25
Q

in a human genome:
___ base pairs
___ strands of DNA
___ feet long
typical cell is about ___nm

A

3.2 billion
46
6
10

26
Q

sequences over and over

A

tandem repeats

27
Q

multigene families, low copy number

A

dispersed repeats

28
Q

___ are an example of dispersed repeats

A

short interspersed nuclear elements (SINES)

29
Q

heritable change in a sequence of bases

A

mutation

30
Q

genomic analysis on patients to determine effects of a drug

A

personalized medicine

31
Q

most genetic information is read from ___, some is accessible within ___

A

unwound DNA
double-stranded DNA

32
Q

___ can access DNA when it is double-stranded

A

DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression

33
Q

RNAs 3 major differences from DNA

A
  1. single stranded (most of the time)
  2. ribose instead of deoxyribose
  3. uracil instead of thymine
34
Q

strands of DNA separate and each strand is copied

A

semiconservative replication

35
Q

F1 of semiconservative ___
F2 of semiconservative ___

A

one old strand with each new strand

two hybrid strands, two strands completely new

36
Q

prokaryotes are ___ and ___ than eukaryotes

A

simpler and more prone to error

37
Q

gene where DNA replication starts

A

oriC

38
Q

gene/protein that breaks hydrogen bonds between bases to separate strands of DNA

A

dnaB/helicase

39
Q

gene/protein that seals Okazaki fragments

A

lig/ligase

40
Q

gene where replication ends

A

ter (terminator)

41
Q

dNTP stands for ___

A

deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates

42
Q

why are triphosphates required for DNA replication

A

taking off two phosphates gives every needed to bind the sugar and phosphate together

43
Q

enzyme that cuts one or both strands of DNA to relax the superhelix

A

topoisomerase

44
Q

when DNA is coiled tight into a superhelix

A

topological isomer

45
Q

lays down most of DNA in bacteria

A

DNA polymerase III

46
Q

three requirements for DNA polymerase action

A
  1. four dNTPs
  2. single stranded template
  3. primer with exposed 3’ hydroxyl
47
Q

three ways to ensure fidelity of DNA information

A
  1. redundancy
  2. precision of cellular replication machinery
  3. DNA repair enzymes
48
Q

redundancy means that ___

A

either strand of double helix can specify the sequence of the other strand

49
Q

___ and ___ have proofreading ability

A

DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III

50
Q

___ and ___ can cut out mistakes in DNA

A

exonucleases and endonucleases

51
Q

DNA synthesis goes in a ___ direction

A

5’ to 3’

52
Q

template and newly synthesized strands are ___ to each other

A

antiparallel

53
Q

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the ___ of the new strand

A

3’ OH

54
Q

how can DNA replication be more efficient

A

DNA is flexible, can loop around the lagging strand so that everything goes in one direction

55
Q

two events that give rise to new combinations of alleles

A

independent assortment and crossing over

56
Q

independent assortment creates new allele combinations for ___; crossing over creates new allele combinations for ___

A

unlinked genes
linked genes

57
Q

region of DNA between breakpoints in recombination

A

heteroduplex

58
Q

areas where recombination occurs frequently

A

recombination hotspots

Genetics (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions