Exam 7 part 3

Question 1

GPP

Answer 1

gross primary productivity (assimilation)

Question 2

NPP

Answer 2

net primary productivity

Question 3

R

Answer 3

cellular respiration (waste and heat lost)

Question 4

NPP= ?

Answer 4

GPP-R

Question 5

Production efficiency

Answer 5

percentage of energy assimilated by an org that become incorporated into new biomass

Question 6

product efficiency =

Answer 6

NPP/GPP X 100

Question 7

young animals have

Answer 7

higher production efficiency

Question 8

Vertebrates have

Answer 8

lower production efficiencies

Question 9

Trophic level transfer efficiency

Answer 9

amount of energy at one trophic level that is acquired by the trophic level above and incorporated into biomass) energy flow between trophic levels

Question 10

trophic cascade

Answer 10

when changes in top down control cause conspicuous effects two or three links away in a food web

Question 11

Biomagnification

Answer 11

some materials become concentrated within food chains because they are stored in tissue not digested or excreted, more tropic levels = greater impact on top level example = DDT and mercury

Question 12

Global patterns in productivity

Answer 12

NPP on land is higher than the oceans because more light is available, terrestrial ecosystems with highest productivity = tropics, marine productivity is highest at coastlines, can be as high at the poles as it is in the tropics

Question 13

What limits the global productivity of terrestrial ecosystems

Answer 13

temperature, availability of water and sunlight, nutrient availability too at local level

Question 14

More productive areas can support more.

Answer 14

herbivores

Question 15

global cycles

Answer 15

involve elements with gaseous phase: C, O, S, N, water

Question 16

local cycles

Answer 16

involve elements without gaseous phase: P, K, Ca, and others

Question 17

What 3 factors influence the rate of decomposition

Answer 17

abiotic conditions, the quality of detritus as a nutrient source, abundance and diversity of detritivores present

Question 18

What form can plants use Nitrogen

Answer 18

NH4+ and NO3- ions

Question 19

Nitrogen is added to ecosystems in a usable form only when it is fixed to what

Answer 19

N2 to NH3

Question 20

N-fixers

Answer 20

bacteria, lightning, industry (fossil fuels, fertilizer)

Question 21

Adding nitrogen to terrestrial ecosystems _______productivity

Answer 21

increases

Question 22

What can over fertilization cause

Answer 22

anoxic dead zones = decrease in diversity

Question 23

Global water cycles

Answer 23

water evaporating out of the ocean and precipitating back into it, evaporation exceeds precipitation over oceans

Question 24

Global carbon cycle

Answer 24

involves the movement of carbon among terrestrial ecosystems, the oceans, and the atmosphere

Question 25

what is the largest carbon reservoir

Answer 25

ocean