Exam 3 chapter 35 cont

Question 1

Which lineage of echinoderms are sessile suspension feeders

Answer 1

crinodea

Question 2

How would you distinguish a brittle star from a sea star

Answer 2

Brittle stars have a much more defined central region. In sea stars the arms blend into that central region

Question 3

How do sea stars (Asteroidea) use their tube feet

Answer 3

Eating and feeding

Question 4

Compare and contrast the sea urchins and sand dollars (Echinoidea

Answer 4

Sea urchins feed on kelp grazing on the ground and sand dollars are suspension feeders that use mucus

Question 5

What are the four shared morphological features of chordates

Answer 5

Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits and muscular post anal tail

Question 6

Which subphylum of chordates lacks three of these features in adults

Answer 6

Urochordates AKA sea squirts or tunicates

Question 7

How does the dorsal hollow nerve cord differ between the vertebrates and the other subphyla of Chordata

Answer 7

Bonier and becomes the spinal column

Question 8

What is the purpose of the notochord in vertebrates

Answer 8

The notochord helps organize the body plan early in development by secreting proteins that induce somite formation. Somites are segmented blocks of tissue that later differentiate into vertebrae, ribs, and skeletal muscles

Question 9

What are the two synapomorphies that characterize vertebrates

Answer 9

Cranium and vertebrae. Both protect the CNS

Question 10

What are three regions of the vertebrate brain and what do they control

Answer 10

Front, mid, and hind brain. Front brain controls smell, mid brain controls sight and hind brain controls balance and hearing

Question 11

What are the two primary lineages of the vertebrates that have roughly the same number of species

Answer 11

Tetrapods and ray finned fishes

Question 12

From what structure did the vertebrate jaw evolve

Answer 12

gill finned arches

Question 13

Describe the relationship between lungfish and tetrapods

Answer 13

Lungfish had bony limbs and tetrapods are animals that have limbs (although some have lost either one pair of limbs or both). Tetrapods include amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

Question 14

How are amphibian eggs different from those reptiles, birds, and mammals

Answer 14

•	Amphibian eggs only have one layer 
Yolk sac (contains nutrients), Amnion (contains embryo) and Allantios (contains waste)

Question 15

What innovation do viviparous vertebrates have and why is it important/what does it do

Answer 15

Placenta. This is important because it shields the embryo; constant temp, transport, easy transport of baby. It transfers nutrients and oxygen from mom to baby and CO2 and waste from baby

Question 16

How does parental care entail a fitness trade-off

Answer 16

The components of offspring are # of children and survival. You can only give so much to offspring so you can’t have that many. So you are having less offspring but they are more likely to survive

Question 17

What adaptations have facilitated vertebrate flight

Answer 17

Hollow bones, keel (elongated keel on sternum for attachment on flight muscles), endothermic (produce heat in their own tissues)

Question 18

What is the difference between hominins and hominids

Answer 18

Great apes are called hominids

Hominins include all of the homo species (including us and all the distinct species)

Question 19

Across the hominins over time the brain case and body size have decreased

Answer 19

false

Question 20

Compared to early homo species, how are we (recent homo species) different

Answer 20

We have flatter faces, smaller teeth and larger braincases

Question 21

What is the closest living relative of Homo sapiens

Answer 21

chimps

Question 22

we are 96% similar to chimpanzees based on DNA sequencing

Answer 22

true