Exam 4 part 1

Question 1

Where do cells come from

Answer 1

Preexisting cells

Question 2

two types of cell division

Answer 2

Meiosis and mitosis

Question 3

Meiosis produces

Answer 3

gametes (eggs and sperm)

Question 4

Mitosis produces

Answer 4

somatic cells

Question 5

Somatic cells

Answer 5

all other cells in the human body that arent reproductive cells

Question 6

Mitosis and meiosis are both accompanied by

Answer 6

cytokinesis

Question 7

cytokinesis

Answer 7

the division of the cytoplasm

Question 8

How many daughter cells does meiosis form? identical or not?

Answer 8

4 daughter cells that have half the amount of material as the parent making them non identical

Question 9

How many daughter cells does mitosis form? identical or not?

Answer 9

2 daughter cells because the genetic material is copied and divided between the two making them identical

Question 10

What are the three key events that mitosis and cytokinesis are responsible for in multicellular eukaryotes

Answer 10

• Growth
• Wound repair
Asexual reproduction

Question 11

How many types of chromosomes are in the human genome

Answer 11

23…but we are diploid (2n, 2 copies of each) so 46

Question 12

Do all species have this same number of chromosomes

Answer 12

every species has a different amount of chromosomes

Question 13

What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle

Answer 13

Mitotic phase; cell divides here

Question 14

Does division happen in Interphase

Answer 14

no

Question 15

When in replication occurring

Answer 15

The S phase (synthesis phase) which is part of interphase

Question 16

What are the two gap phases

Answer 16

G1: first gap phase; occurs before S phase
G2: second gap; occurs between S phase and mitosis

Question 17

Cell division steps in order

Answer 17

G1 , S phase , G2 , Mitosis

Question 18

Which lasts longer, interphase or m phase

Answer 18

interphase

Question 19

What happens in prophase

Answer 19

• Chromosomes condense and become visible in the light microscope.
• spindle apparatus begins to form

Question 20

What happens in prometaphase

Answer 20

-start to see a breakdown of the nuclear envelope

Question 21

What happens in metaphase

Answer 21

• formation of the mitotic spindle is complete

- chromosomes line up in the middle on metaphase plate

Question 22

What happens in anaphase

Answer 22

• centromeres split
• sister chromatids are pulled by the spindle fibers toward opposite poles. Now that they’ve split they are individual unreplicated chromosomes.
• as soon as they are no longer attached at the centromere, sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes

Question 23

What happens in telophase

Answer 23

new nuclear envelope begins to form around each set of chromosomes

• the mitotic spindle disintegrates
• the chromosomes begin to decondense
• mitosis is over when two independent nuclei have formed

Question 24

Cytokinesis occurs immediately after mitosis. What happens here

Answer 24

• The cytoplasm divides to form daughter cells

Each daughter cell has its own nucleus and complete set of organelles

Question 25

how many chromatids and chromosomes does a human cell have during metaphase of mitosis

Answer 25

92 chromatids

46 chromosomes

Question 26

How do kinetochore microtubules shorten to pull daughter chromosomes apart during anaphase

Answer 26

The kinetochore microtubules shorten at the kinetochore to pull daughter chromosomes apart during anaphase
SO microtubules break down at kinetochore and are pulling daughter chromosomes to sides of cell

Question 27

At cytokinesis, what type of organism has a cell plate

Answer 27

plants

Question 28

At cytokinesis, what type of organism has a cleavage furrow

Answer 28

animals, fungi and slime molds