Exam 6 study questions 2

Question 1

The 23.5 degree tilt of the Earth causes what

Answer 1

seasons

Question 2

biome

Answer 2

major groupings of plant and animal communities defined by a dominant vegetation type.

Question 3

Four tools biologists use to predict how global warming will affect aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

Answer 3

simulation, observational, historic studies and experiements

Question 4

Simulation studies

Answer 4

based on computer models of weather patterns and local regions

Question 5

Observational studies

Answer 5

based on long-term monitoring at fixed sites around the globe

Question 6

Historical studies

Answer 6

examine this relationship based on events that occurred millions of years ago

Question 7

Experiments

Answer 7

designed to simulate changed climate conditions and to record responses by the organisms present

Question 8

Wallace line

Answer 8

To the west of the line, all of the species are similar or derived from species that are found on the Asian mainland. To the east of the line, there are many species that of Australian descent. Along the line is a mix of the two and many species are hybrids of the typical Asian species and the more isolated Australian species.

Question 9

Behavioral ecology

Answer 9

Study of how organisms actively respond to particular stimuli from those environments

Question 10

Innate behavior

Answer 10

Behavior that is inherited and shows little variation based on learning or the individual’s condition

Question 11

What is the cost-benefit analysis

Answer 11

Animals appear to weigh the costs and benefits of responding to a particular situation in various ways. The decisions made by nonhuman organisms are not – as far as is known – conscious.
Scientists measure costs and benefits in terms of their impact on fitness (their ability to produce offspring

Question 12

What factors limit species distribution

Answer 12

Abiotic factors, biotic factors, dispersal limitation (can it even get there?), and behavior

Question 13

What can we learn about populations from studying invasive species

Answer 13

We can learn whether or not those populations are able to live with those invasive species, if it will change the way it lives, etc. Dispersal limitations

Question 14

How would you test whether a biotic interaction affects the distribution or abundance of an organism

Answer 14

Manipulate the organisms you want to test but you need a control so you can find out what happens to the ones that aren’t manipulated as well and compare the two

Question 15

What are fixed action patterns? What is the alternative

Answer 15

Innate behavior – coocoo killing his siblings, sneezing, etc.
The opposite of this is a learned behavior. Speech is learned behavior in humans.

Question 16

What factors do scientists measure when doing a behavioral cost-benefit analysis

Answer 16

Is it worth the energy expense? Ex: cheetah giving up hunt because it’s no longer worth the cost. Cost + benefit should always be net positive; AKA overall benefit.
While observing this you’re looking at Ultimate causes

Question 17

Altruism

Answer 17

Behavior that appears to benefit others at a cost to oneself

Self-sacrificing behavior

Question 18

Describe the optimal foraging theory

Answer 18

When biologists study why animals forage, they usually start by assuming that individuals make decisions using cost-benefit approach (maximize benefits minimize costs).

Question 19

What are the three categories of navigation

Answer 19

piloting, compass orientation and true navigation

Question 20

piloting

Answer 20

the use of familiar landmarks

Question 21

compass orientation

Answer 21

movement oriented in a specific direction

Question 22

True navigation

Answer 22

ability to locate a specific place on Earth’s surface

Question 23

Circadian clock

Answer 23

Internal clock set by light-dark transitions; 24 hour rhythm is activity

Question 24

Circannual

Answer 24

The same as circadian but 1 year

Question 25

Honest comminication

Answer 25

telling the truth AKA normal organisms Sometimes either being honest or lying can increase an individual’s fitness

Question 26

Deceitful communication

Answer 26

Lying. only works when its rare