Exam 4 part 3 Flashcards
What is formed through the process of fertilization
zygotes
What is a karyotype? Give an exam
An organisms characteristic number and type of chromosomes if referred to as its karyotype
Ex: humans have 46 chromosomes; 1 pair sex chromosomes and 22 pairs autosomes
different versions of the same gene are called
alleles
Since 46 is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans, what would be the haploid number
23
What is it that holds sister chromatids together
centromere
Meiosis is known as reduction division. When is the reduction division within the cell actually occurring and what does this mean
Meiosis I, going from diploid to haploid
What is separating in Meiosis II
Sister chromatids which will go to different daughter cells
How do you go from a haploid state in the gametes to a diploid state in the zygotes
One from mom, one from dad, fertilization forms the zygote
Meiosis in an adult produces haploid gametes that combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote
In mitosis, what was separating? How about Meisosis I
Chromosomes (sister chromatids) in Mitosis
Homologs in Meiosis I
Sister chromatids in Meiosis II
What is the major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal
Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells
what happens in early prophase 1
- chromosomes condense
- spindle apparatus forms
- nuclear envelope breaks down
- homolog pairs come together in a pairing process called synapsis
What happens in late prophase 1
- non-sister chromatids begin to separate
- chiasmata are formed so crossing over occurs btwn non-sister chromatids
What happens in metaphase 1
Line up at the metaphase plate
What happens in anaphase 1
- paired HOMOLOGS separate
- start to migrate to opposite poles
What happens in telophase 1
- finish migrating to opposite poles
- nuclear envelope forms
