Exam 2 Vocab 1

Question 1

AMF

Answer 1

Fungi from the glomeromycota lineage whose hyphae enter the root cells of their host plants. endomycorrhizal fungi

Question 2

Ascus

Answer 2

Specialized spore-producing cell found at the end of hyphae in “sac fungi”. ascomycota

Question 3

Basidium

Answer 3

specialized spore-producing cell at the ends of hyphae in club fungi, members of basidiomycota

Question 4

coenocytic

Answer 4

Containing many nuclei and a continuous cytoplasm through a filamentous body, without the body being divided into distinct cells

Question 5

commensalism

Answer 5

a symbolic relationship in which one organism (the commensal) benefits and the other (the host) is not harmed

Question 6

cordyceps fungi

Answer 6

endoparasites; maining parasitic of insects or other arthropods

Question 7

Dikayotic

Answer 7

describing a cell or fungi mycellium having two haploid nuclei that are genetically distinct (N+N) - 2 haploid nuclei in the same cell

Question 8

EMF

Answer 8

Fungi whose hyphae form a dense network that covers their host plants roots but do not enter the root cells

Question 9

Endomycorrhizal fungi

Answer 9

same as AMF

Question 10

Endophyte

Answer 10

a fungus that lives inside the aboveground parts of a plant in a symbiotic relationship

Question 11

extracellular digestion

Answer 11

digestion that takes place outside of an organism, as occurs in many fungi that make and secrete digestive enzymes.

Question 12

Fungi

Answer 12

a lineage of eukaryotes that typically have a filamentous body (mycelium) and obtain nutrients by absorption

Question 13

Fungicide

Answer 13

Any substance that can kill fungi or slow their growth

Question 14

Glomalin

Answer 14

A glycoprotein that is abundant in the hyphae or AMF: when hyphae decay, its an important component of soil.

Question 15

Heterokaryotic

Answer 15

Describing a cell or fungal mycelium containing two or more haploid nuclei that are genetically distinct. Cell that contains genetically different nuclei

Question 16

Haustorium

Answer 16

Specialized hyphae that can extract or exchange nutrients with the host

Question 17

Karyogamy

Answer 17

Fusion of 2 haploid nuclei to forma diploid nucleus. Occurs in many fungi, animals and plants during fertilization of gametes

Question 18

Lichen

Answer 18

A symbiotic association of a fungus, often in the ascomycota, and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium + yeasts

Question 19

Mutualist

Answer 19

Organism that is a participant and partner in a mutualist relationship

Question 20

Mycorrhiza

Answer 20

a mutualistic association between certain fungi and the roots of most vascular plants

Question 21

Mycelium

Answer 21

feeding network of fungus composed by hyphae. Mostly underground or in direct contact with food source.

Question 22

Microsporidians

Answer 22

unicellular eukaryotes that are fungi

Question 23

Parasitism

Answer 23

A symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms that is beneficial to one organism (the parasite) but detrimental to the other (the host)

Question 24

Plasmogamy

Answer 24

Fusion of the cytoplasm of 2 individuals. occurs in many fungi

Question 25

Polytomy

Answer 25

A node in the phylogenetic tree that depicts an ancestral branch diving into 3 or more descendant branches

Question 26

Saprophyte

Answer 26

An organism that feeds primarily on dead plant material

Question 27

Septum

Answer 27

Any wall-like structure. In fungi, septa divide the filaments (hyphae) of mycelia into cell-like compartments

Question 28

Yeasts

Answer 28

Any fungus growing as a single celled form

Question 29

Zygosporangium

Answer 29

the distinctive spore-producing structure in the fungi that are members of the zygomycota

Question 30

Cambrian explosion

Answer 30

radiation of animals that took place 550 mya