Exam 7 part 2

Question 1

Batesian mimicry

Answer 1

one dangerous one harmless

Question 2

Muellerian mimicry

Answer 2

both danergous

Question 3

top down control hypothesis

Answer 3

predation or disease limits herbivores

Question 4

bottom up hypothesis

Answer 4

plants provide poor nutrition or are well defended against herbivory

Question 5

Coevolutionary arms race

Answer 5

consumers evolve traits that increase their efficiency, prey evolve traits that make them unpalatable or elusive

Question 6

Examples of mutualism

Answer 6

mycorrhizae/plant, cleaner fish, leafcutter/fungus, pollination, seed dispersal, coral reefs, anemonefish/ anemone

Question 7

Why are species being altruistic

Answer 7

the benefit of both species is a side effect of one species trying to get everything they can get out of the other species

Question 8

Mutualism can also be known as

Answer 8

reciprocal exploitation

Question 9

theory of island biogeography

Answer 9

species richness should be higher on:
larger islands than smaller islands
near shore islands vs. remote islands

Question 10

Why arent some species abundant in some geographic areas?

Answer 10

geographical constraints over history

Question 11

disturbance

Answer 11

any event that removes some individuals or biomass from a community - alters resource availability

Question 12

What impacts the impact of disturbance

Answer 12

type, frequency, severity

Question 13

disturbance regime

Answer 13

distubances occur with a predictable frequency and severity in a community

Question 14

succession

Answer 14

the recovery, the development of communities, that follows severe disturbance

Question 15

primary succession

Answer 15

occurs when a disturbance removes the soil and its org, as well as org that live above the surface

Question 16

secondary succession

Answer 16

occurs when a disturbance removes some or all of the org from and area but leaves soil intact

Question 17

successional pathway

Answer 17

the sequence of species that appear over time - pioneering, early successional community, mid successional community, climax community

Question 18

3 factors determining the pattern and rate of species replacement

Answer 18

particular traits of species involved, how the species interact, historical and environmental circumstances (size of area, weather conditions)

Question 19

keystone species

Answer 19

has a much greater impact on the surrounding species than its abundance would suggest

Question 20

Why are the tropics more diverse than the temperate regions

Answer 20

high productivity hypothesis, energy hypothesis, area and age hypothesis, intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Question 21

high productivity hypothesis

Answer 21

hight productivity = high diveristy

Question 22

Energy hypothesis

Answer 22

high temp increases productivity and the likelihood that organisms can tolerate the physical conditions in a region

Question 23

area and age hypothesis

Answer 23

tropical regions have had more time and space for speciation than other regions

Question 24

intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Answer 24

regions with a moderate type, frequency, and severity of disturbance should have high species richness and diversity

Question 25

Ecosystem ecology

Answer 25

studies the flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems