Exam 3 chapter 35 Flashcards
What are two characteristic morphological features in deuterostomes
Anus develops first and the coelom forms from mesoderm being pinched
What are three synapomorphies that characterize echinoderms
Adults have radial symmetry
Endoskeleton
Watervascular system
What are the components of the echinoderm water vascular system?
Tube feet – podium (outside body) and Ampulla (inside body)
What type of symmetry do adult echinoderms have
Radial
Describe three different ways in which echinoderms feed
Mass feeding – ex: feeding on bivalves by ripping their shells apart with their tube feet, extruding their stomachs through the opening, secreting enzymes into them and sucking them up
Suspension feeding – extend tube feet into the water and use them to flick up food particles. Their cilia then sweep food into their mouth
Deposit feeding – dissolve food in mucus and eat mucus by moving it to their mouth with their tube feet
What are the five major lineages and common names of echinoderms
Crinodidea – feather stars and sea lilies
Asteroidea – sea stars
Ophiuroidea – brittle stars and basket stars
Echinoidea – sea urchins and sand dollars
Holothuroidea – sea cucumbers
What do you need to know about Crinoidea
They are sessile and suspension feeder
What do you need to know about Ophiuroidea
They have 5 or more arms connected to disk for feeding
What do you need to know about Holothuroidea
Suspension/deposit feed with modified tube feet around mouth called tentacles
What do you need to know about Hemichordata and Xenoturbellida
They are worm like
What four morphological features distinguish chordates
Openings in the throat called pharyngeal gill slits
A dorsal hollow nerve cord that runs the length of the body
A stiff and supportive but flexible rod, called the notochord, that runs the length of the body
A muscular post-anal tail
The three lineages of chordates are
Cephalochordates
Urochordates
Vertebrates
Cephalochordates are also called
lancelets or amphioxus
Urochordates are also called. What parts that distinguish them as chordates only occur in the larvae
tunicates or sea squirts. notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, muscular post anal tail
Birds are
Reptiles
In vertebrates, the dorsal hollow nerve cord =
Spinal cord
In aquatic species of vertebrates, what do pharyngeal pouches develop into
Gills
What are the synapomorphies that distinguish vertebrates? What do these protect
Vertebrae
Cranium
Protects the central nervous system
What are the three regions of the brain
Forebrain – housing the sense of smell
Midbrain – associated with vision
Hindbrain – responsible for balance and hearing
Asteroidia are predators or scavengers that feed on animals such as bivalves, sponges, barnacles and snails
correct
Asteroidia crawl by using their tube feet
correct
Asteroidia only consist of females
incorrect
Asteroidia have reproductive organisms in one or more of their arms
correct
The larvae are short lived. They only spend a few hours in the water column
incorrect
Most species can regenerate lost arms. Some can regenerate by dividing the body in two and regenerating the missing half
correct
Most species of Ecinoidea are what
sea urchins and sand dollars
Bony exoskeleton
ordocician, scale-like plates
Jaws
silurian, predation
Bony endoskeleton
Silurian, rapid swimming
Limbs capable of moving on land
Devonian, tetrapods
amniotic egg
carboniferous, better developed young
Wings and flight
flying
The key vertebrate chordate lineages include
Fish
Amphibians
Mammals
Reptiles
