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Neuro Med > Exam 7: OVERALL DRUGS > Flashcards

Exam 7: OVERALL DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amphetamines?

A

sympathomimetic: increases release of NE and DA (low doses), blocks NE and DA reuptake, inhibits monoamine oxidase (high doses)

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cocaine?

A

sympathomimetic: blocks reuptake of NE (motor effects) and DA (euphoria), local anesthetic properties

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of MDMA (Ecstacy, Molly)

A

sympathomimetic: stimulates release and inhibits reuptake of epinephrine, NE and DA

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Xanthines (caffeine, theophylline)

A

Unsure- moves IC Calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum, inhibits phosphodiesterase, adenosine receptor antagonist

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of psychostimulants: methylphenidate (ritalin, concerta) and amphetamines (dexedrine, adderall)

A

ADHD; enhances DA and Ne release, activates prefrontal and limbic cortices (focus and maintenance of attention at low doses), activate cortex involved in motor activity (at high/toxic doses)

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of atomoxetine?

A

Adult ADHD; selective NE reuptake inhibitor, elevates DA levels in prefrontal

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of galanatamine?

A

AD; Inhibits AChE, stimulates nicotinic cholinergic neurons to release more ACh

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Rivastigmine?

A

AD; inhibits both AChE and BuChE

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tacrine?

A

AD; inhibits AChE

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of mermantine?

A

Moderate-severe AD; NMDA receptor agonist

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Modafinil?

A

Narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorders; Increases release of DA from striatum and nucleus accumbens, Increase NE release from hypothalamus; Increase 5HT release from amygdala; Elevates hypothalamic HA, activates glutaminergic circuits, inhibits GABAergic NTmission

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Halothane

A

inhalation anesthetic (vapor)

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of isoflurane?

A

Inhalation anesthetic (vapor)

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sevoflurane?

A

inhalation anesthetic (vapor) HIGH POTENCY

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of nitrous oxide?

A

inhalation anesthetic, must be used with other anesthetics because MAC is 104

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of barbiturates and benzodiazepines (anesthetics-wise)?

A

injectable anesthetic, facilitates GABA induced chloride entry into neurons –> CNS depression

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of propofol?

A

injectable anesthetic, must be given as an emulsion

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ketamine?

A

injectable anesthetic, NMDA glutamate receptor, rapid onset and short duration of action

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of opioids (for anesthesia) (fentanyl, sulfentanil)

A

injectable anesthetic, high potency and short actin

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of TCAs (desipramine, imipramine)

A

blocks reuptake of NE and/or 5HT. depipramine: NE-selective, imiparmine: NE and 5HT

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of MAOIs (phenelzine)

A

irreversibly blocks MAO-A (NE and 5HT) and MAO-B (DA)

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs (fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram)

A

blocks reuptake of 5HT from synapse –> can trigger actions postsynaptically or bind to autoreceptors and inhibit more 5HT release

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of venlafaxine?

A

Blocks 5HT and NE reuptake; efficacy increases with dose… 5HT –> NE –> DA

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Mirtazapine

A

blocks presynaptic alpha2 receptors on NE neurons and 5HT increasing both levels

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ketamine (antidepressant)

A

NMDA antagonist

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Lithium Carbonate

A

effects postsynaptic neuron- alters gene expression implicated in long-term neuroplastic events–>long term mood stabilization

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of valproic acid (bipolar)?

A

anticonvulsant

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine?

A

anticonvulsant

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of haloperidol?

A

D2 antagonist

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of risperidone?

A

atypical antipsychotic

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of olanzapine?

A

atypical antipsychotic

32
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tetrabenazine?

A

monoamine depleting agent, inhibits transport into presynaptic vesicles

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cloazril?

A

atypical antipsychotic, D4 antagonist

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of valproic acid (Huntington’s disease)?

A

anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer –> enhances GABA effects

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of lithium (HD)?

A

enhances reuptake of 5HT and NE, affects postsynaptic D@ receptor

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines (HD)?

A

antianxiety med

37
Q

What is the mechanism of action of barbituates (phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental) (anxiolytic-sedative-hypnotic)

A

binds to multiple isoforms of GABAa receptor, increases DURATION of GABA channel opening

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam) (anxiolytics-sedative-hypnotic)?

A

Binds to multiple isoforms of GABAa receptor, increases FREQUENCY of GAB channel opening (allosterically)

39
Q

What is the mechanism of action of flumazenil?

A

Benzo binding site antagonist; used in case of benzo overdose

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action of zolpidem?

A

Non-benzo benzo-receptor agonist, selectively binds certain subtypes of GABAa receptor

41
Q

What is the mechanism of action of buspirone?

A

partial agonist of 5HT1a receptor + affinity for D2 DA receptor?

42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ramelteon?

A

MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor agonist at suprachiasmatic nuclei

Neuro Med (39 decks)

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