Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Med > Exam 2 metabolism of neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Exam 2 metabolism of neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

What is the enzyme for synthesis of acetylcholine

A

Choline acetyltransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the enzyme for degradation of acetylcholine

A

acetylcholine esterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the enzyme for synthesis of gulamate?

A

Glutaminase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is glutamate generally inhibitory or excitatory?

A

excitatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is GABA typically inhibitory or excitatory?

A

Inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the enzyme for synthesis of GABA?

A

glutamic acid decarboxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the enzyme for glycine and what amino acid is its derivative?

A

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase; serine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the amino acid derivative of serotonin?

A

tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does breakdown of biogenic amines (dopamine) result in?

A

homovanillic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What proteins do botox poisons act on?

A

vesicle docking proteins (SNARE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is faster at moving down an axon: peptide neurotransmitter or small-molecule neurotransmitter

A

Peptide NT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does lidocaine work?

A

block Na+ channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does DOPA work in treating neurological issues?

A

Increases dopamine production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do methamphetamines cause their effects?

A

increase the release of dopamine and serotonine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does cocaine cause its effect?

A

prevents reuptake of dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the different glutamate receptors? Excitatory or inhibitory?

A

AMPA, NMDA (excitatory) and metabotropic receptors (inhibitory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of channel is GABAa?

A

chloride channel, hyperpolarizes the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of channel is GABAb?

A

metabotropic receptor, inhibits adenylyl cyclase, augments K channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What neurotransmitter receptors do benzodiazapines target?

A

GABA receptors to cause sedation

20
Q

What would be the effect of removing GABA influence?

A

increase the amount of action potentials causing muscles to fire rapidly

21
Q

What is the effect of Glycine?

A

Inhibitory NT of the spinal cord and brainstem, allows Cl- inside the cell

22
Q

What are the two dopamine receptors and what is their effects?

A

D1= stimulate motor unit, D2= inhibits motor unit

23
Q

How does dopamine interacting with D2 receptors cause its effects?

A

suppresses GABA release

24
Q

What are the functions of the dopamine pathway?

A

Reward, pleasure, fine tuning motor function

25
Q

What is the effect of norepinephrine?

A

acts via alpha2 receptors to increase potassium conductance–> hyperpolarizes cell

26
Q

What are the two serotonin receptors and their effects?

A

5HT2a is metabotropic and is inhibitory. 5HT3 is ionotropic and excitatory

27
Q

What are the targets of SSRIs?

A

5HT2a receptors, creating an anti-depressant effect

28
Q

What are the functions of the serotonin pathways?

A

Mood, memory processing, sleep, cognition

29
Q

How do opioids work?

A

suppress pain by interacting with a u (mew) receptor, decreasing calcium and cAMP

30
Q

What part of the CNS does opioids work on?

A

spinal cord

31
Q

What are the main categories of neurotransmitter?

A

Biogenic amines (acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, etc.) and Neuropeptides (opioid peptides, glucagon-related peptides)

32
Q

What criteria is used to ID a neurotransmitter?

A

NT is present in presynaptic terminal, NT is released during AP, NT interacts with receptors, NT has an application that can be agonist or antagonist

33
Q

What are key features of the NMDA receptor?

A

has 7 subunits, is a sodium channel (excitatory), can be activated by glutamate

34
Q

What is an excitotoxin?

A

able to over excite the neuron and causes too much calcium and sodium to enter the cell leading to swelling with H2O and cell death

35
Q

What is the major inhibitory NT of the brain?

A

GABA and glycine

36
Q

How is GABA synthesized?

A

Glutamate –(glutamic acid decarboxylase and pyridoxal phsophate)–>GABA

37
Q

what amino acid is the precursor to catecholamine biosynthesis?

A

tyrosine

38
Q

how are catacholamines inactivated in the synapse?

A

inactivated via methylation and oxidation

39
Q

what is the pathway of serotonin biosynthesis?

A

Tryptophan –(tryptophan hydroxylase)–> 5-HTP –(5-HTP decarboxylase)–> serotonin (5-HT)

40
Q

What are the products of norepi and dopamine catabolism?

A

Norepinephrine breaks down into vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and dopamine breaks down into homovanillic acid (HVA)

41
Q

What is anandamide?

A

an endocannabinoid that is created in the post-synaptic neuron and transported retroactively to the pre-synaptic neuron (Retrograde messenger)

42
Q

What is the rate limiting step of catacholamine synthesis?

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

43
Q

What is pathway of acetylcholine synthesis?

A

acetyl-CoA + choline –(choline acyltransferase)–> acetylcholine

44
Q

What is pathway of acetylcholine degradation

A

Acetylcholine + H2O–(acetylcholine esterase)–>acetate + choline

45
Q

What is pathway of opioid metabolism

A

Pre-propeptide is proteolyzed down into small peptides

Neuro Med (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions