Exam 2- cranial nerves and brain stem anatomy

Question 1

Name all cranial nerves

Answer 1

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vistibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

Question 2

Describe Cranial Nerve I- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 2

Olfactory- sensory (smell), found in telencephalon of forebrain

Question 3

Describe cranial nerve II- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 3

Optic- sensory (sight), found in diencephalon of forebrain

Question 4

Describe cranial nerve III- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 4

Oculomotor- motor (5 muscles of eye), found in midbrain (brainstem)

Question 5

Describe cranial nerve IV- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 5

trochlear- motor (superior oblique muscle), found in midbrain of brainstem

Question 6

Describe cranial nerve V- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 6

Trigeminal- both (3 branches that supply muscles of mastication, sensory to face/scalp and mouth, found in pons

Question 7

Describe cranial nerve VI- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 7

Abducens- motor (lateral rectus eye for abduction), pontomedulary junction (pons)

Question 8

Describe cranial nerve VII: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 8

Facial- both (facial expression, taste), pontomedullary junction (pons)

Question 9

Describe cranial nerve VII: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 9

Vestibulocochlear- sensory (hearing/balance), pontomedullary junction (pons)

Question 10

Describe cranial nerve IX: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 10

Glossopharyngeal- both (taste, swallowing), medulla

Question 11

Describe cranial nerve X: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 11

Vagus- both (taste, swallowing), medulla

Question 12

Describe cranial nerve XI: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 12

(Spinal) Accessory- motor (sternocleidomastoid, trapezius muscle), cervical spinal cord

Question 13

Describe cranial nerve XII: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location

Answer 13

Hypoglossal- motor (tongue movement), medulla

Question 14

What kind of nuclei are found in the alar plate?

Answer 14

sensory neurons

Question 15

What kind of nuclei are found in the basal plate?

Answer 15

motor neurons

Question 16

What kind of nuclei are found in the visceral zone/sulcus limitans

Answer 16

Visceral motor and sensory

Question 17

What kind of sensory information follows the dorsal column/medial lemniscal tract?

Answer 17

fine touch, vibration, proprioception

Question 18

What kind of sensory information follows the spinothalamic tract (anteriolateral tract)

Answer 18

pain and temperature

Question 19

What is the hallmark of a brainstem lesion?

Answer 19

Cranial nerve signs on one side, coupled with long tract signs on the opposite side

Question 20

Will lesions of the medial aspect of the brainstem result in the same deficits at the lateral aspect of the brainstem? Why or why not?

Answer 20

No- lateral aspect is more sensory where medial is more motor

Question 21

What is the reticular information responsible for coordinating?

Answer 21

brainstem functions that support life including breathing, swallowing, eye movement, heart rate, arousal, blood pressure

Question 22

What conveys spinal ford info to the cerebellum and connects it to the vestibular nucleus and inferior olive?

Answer 22

The inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 23

What does the inferior peduncle do?

Answer 23

conveys spinal ford info to the cerebellum and connects it to the vestibular nucleus and inferior olive; contains numerous afferent and efferent nerve fibers from the spinal cord and brainstem for the cerebellum.

Question 24

What is the middle cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 24

It’s the route by which information from the cerebral cortex gets to the cerebellum via the pontine nuclei; connects the pons with the cerebellum; contains the pontocerebellar fibers whose cellbodies are in the contralateral basilar pons.

Question 25

What is the superior cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 25

Route by which the cerebellum gets info back to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus; found in roof of 4th ventricle; contains the cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers that terminate in the contralateral red nucleus and the ventral lateral thalamic nucleus; contains ventral spinocerebellar fibers.

Question 26

What are the symptoms of a pyrimidal tract lesion?

Answer 26

Spastic paralysis

Question 27

What is the result of a cut in the spinothalamic tract?

Answer 27

loss of pain and temperature

Question 28

What is the result of a cut in the dorsal column/medial lemniscus?

Answer 28

loss of 2-point discrimination, fine touch, and counscious proprioception

Question 29

What is the result of a cut in the spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus?

Answer 29

loss of pain and temperature for the head

Question 30

What are the three main long tracts that go through the brainstem?

Answer 30

1) Dorsal column/medial lemniscus tract, 2) spinothalmic tract, 3) corticospinal tract (pyrimidal tract)

Question 31

What tract is often disrupted in MS resulting in faulty eye movements and double vision?

Answer 31

medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)