Exam 2- cranial nerves and brain stem anatomy Flashcards
Name all cranial nerves
Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vistibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
Describe Cranial Nerve I- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
Olfactory- sensory (smell), found in telencephalon of forebrain
Describe cranial nerve II- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
Optic- sensory (sight), found in diencephalon of forebrain
Describe cranial nerve III- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
Oculomotor- motor (5 muscles of eye), found in midbrain (brainstem)
Describe cranial nerve IV- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
trochlear- motor (superior oblique muscle), found in midbrain of brainstem
Describe cranial nerve V- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
Trigeminal- both (3 branches that supply muscles of mastication, sensory to face/scalp and mouth, found in pons
Describe cranial nerve VI- Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
Abducens- motor (lateral rectus eye for abduction), pontomedulary junction (pons)
Describe cranial nerve VII: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
Facial- both (facial expression, taste), pontomedullary junction (pons)
Describe cranial nerve VII: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
Vestibulocochlear- sensory (hearing/balance), pontomedullary junction (pons)
Describe cranial nerve IX: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
Glossopharyngeal- both (taste, swallowing), medulla
Describe cranial nerve X: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
Vagus- both (taste, swallowing), medulla
Describe cranial nerve XI: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
(Spinal) Accessory- motor (sternocleidomastoid, trapezius muscle), cervical spinal cord
Describe cranial nerve XII: Name, S/M/B (fxn), location
Hypoglossal- motor (tongue movement), medulla
What kind of nuclei are found in the alar plate?
sensory neurons
What kind of nuclei are found in the basal plate?
motor neurons
What kind of nuclei are found in the visceral zone/sulcus limitans
Visceral motor and sensory
What kind of sensory information follows the dorsal column/medial lemniscal tract?
fine touch, vibration, proprioception
What kind of sensory information follows the spinothalamic tract (anteriolateral tract)
pain and temperature
What is the hallmark of a brainstem lesion?
Cranial nerve signs on one side, coupled with long tract signs on the opposite side
Will lesions of the medial aspect of the brainstem result in the same deficits at the lateral aspect of the brainstem? Why or why not?
No- lateral aspect is more sensory where medial is more motor
What is the reticular information responsible for coordinating?
brainstem functions that support life including breathing, swallowing, eye movement, heart rate, arousal, blood pressure
What conveys spinal ford info to the cerebellum and connects it to the vestibular nucleus and inferior olive?
The inferior cerebellar peduncle
What does the inferior peduncle do?
conveys spinal ford info to the cerebellum and connects it to the vestibular nucleus and inferior olive; contains numerous afferent and efferent nerve fibers from the spinal cord and brainstem for the cerebellum.
What is the middle cerebellar peduncle?
It’s the route by which information from the cerebral cortex gets to the cerebellum via the pontine nuclei; connects the pons with the cerebellum; contains the pontocerebellar fibers whose cellbodies are in the contralateral basilar pons.
What is the superior cerebellar peduncle?
Route by which the cerebellum gets info back to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus; found in roof of 4th ventricle; contains the cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers that terminate in the contralateral red nucleus and the ventral lateral thalamic nucleus; contains ventral spinocerebellar fibers.
What are the symptoms of a pyrimidal tract lesion?
Spastic paralysis
What is the result of a cut in the spinothalamic tract?
loss of pain and temperature
What is the result of a cut in the dorsal column/medial lemniscus?
loss of 2-point discrimination, fine touch, and counscious proprioception
What is the result of a cut in the spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus?
loss of pain and temperature for the head
What are the three main long tracts that go through the brainstem?
1) Dorsal column/medial lemniscus tract, 2) spinothalmic tract, 3) corticospinal tract (pyrimidal tract)
What tract is often disrupted in MS resulting in faulty eye movements and double vision?
medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
