Exam 6: Cognitive processes and association cortex Flashcards
What is the default network involved in?
Daydreaming/mindwandering, autobiographical memories, envisioning future, moral decisions
What are the primary areas of the cortex?
Primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, primary auditory cortex, primary visual cortex
What are the two “non-primary” cortices?
Unimodal (integrates info from one sense), multimodal (integrates multiple senses)
What is the flow of information in the association cortex?
Primary sensory cortex –> unimodal –> multimodal –> premotor cortex –> motor cortex
What are inputs/outputs to the lateral geniculate?
Input: retinal, Output: primary visual cortex
What are inputs/outputs to the medial geniculate?
Input: cochlea, output: primary auditory cortex
What are inputs/outputs to the ventral posterior lateral thalamus?
Input: skin via medial lemniscus, output: primary somatosensory cortex
What are inputs/outputs to the pulvinar?
input: association cortex and superior colliculus. output: association cortex
What are inputs/outputs to the medial dorsal association cortex?
Input: superior colliculus, olfactory, amygdala, ventral pallidum, Outputs: frontal eye fields, anterior cingulate gyrus
Where are inputs/outputs to the lateral posterior association cortex?
Inputs: association cortex, anterior cingulate, retina, Outputs: parietal and visual association cortex, anterior cingulate
What are inputs/outputs to the anterior association cortex?
Inputs: hypothalamus, hippocampus, cingulate. Outputs: posterior cingulate
Where does layer 5 of the association cortex project to?
Projects to thalamus and other subcortical structures (basal ganglia, midbrain, brainstem, spinal cord)
Where do modulatory signals from the thalamus project to on the association cortex?
Layer 1
Of the association cortex, what is the parietal cortex responsible for?
Visual attention, localization, spatial relationships, motor programs
Of the association cortex, what is the limbic cortex responsible for?
emotion and memory
Of the association cortex, what is the temporal cortex responsible for?
recognition and object ID, language
Of the association cortex, what is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?
planning and decision making, working memory
What is the non-dominant hemisphere of the parietal association cortex responsible for?
Attention
How do you test the parietal association cortex in patients?
Stroop test
What is the dominant hemisphere of the parietal association cortex responsible for?
skill movements
What does damage to the posterior parietal cortex result in?
Spatial neglect (non-dominant hemisphere) and motor apraxias (dominant hemisphere)
where is the fusiform face area (recognition of faces) located?
Inferior temporal cortex
What is the superior temporal sulcus of the temporal association cortex associated with?
Language, social attention
what does damage to the temporal association cortex result in?
Agnosias (inability to recognize objects)
What does damage to the prefrontal association cortex lead to?
Issues with impaired restraint, socially inappropriate behavior, disordered thought
How do you test for damage in the prefrontal association cortex?
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
What are responsible for changes in the cortex?
Synaptic density, myelination, gray matter thins from back to front
In what direction does gray matter thin in the cortex?
Posterior to anterior
What layer of the cortex receives information from the thalamus? What time of cells?
Layer 4; stellate cells
Where does layer 6 of the association cortex project to?
Thalamus
What layers of the association cortex receive modulatory input from the brainstem?
All layers
