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Microbiology > Exam 5 - Virology 2 > Flashcards

Exam 5 - Virology 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

1

What are three double stranded enveloped DNA viruses?

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2
Q

1

What are 2 double stranded. non-enveloped DNA viruses?

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3
Q

1

What is one single-stranded non-enveloped DNA virus?

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4
Q

2

Poxviruses produce ______ called ____ that leave scars.

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5
Q

2

What is the largest and most complex animal virus?

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6
Q

2

Poxviruses have the largest genome of all _____ viruses.

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7
Q

2

Poxviruses are single linear dsDNA molecules of _____ kb with hairpins at either end.

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8
Q

2

Where do poxviruses multiply?

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9
Q

2

Poxviruses have specificity for ______ and _____.

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10
Q

2

What are 2 human pox viruses?

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11
Q

2

What is Orthopoxvirus?

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12
Q

2

What is Molluscipoxvirus?

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13
Q

4

Where do poxviruses replicate?

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14
Q

6

Poxviruses are extremely cytopathologic. They inhibit host ___, ___, and ______.

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15
Q

7

What was the first disease to be eliminated by vaccination?

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16
Q

7

What are two ways to be exposed to smallpox?

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17
Q

7

What is the incubation period for smallpox?

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18
Q

7

What are 5 symptoms of smallpox?

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19
Q

7

What does this describe: “highly virulent, caused toxemia, shock, and intravascular coagulation.”

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20
Q

8

Molluscum contagiosum is primarily an infection of ____ in ___ areas.

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21
Q

8

What are two ways Molluscum contagiosum is transmitted?

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22
Q

8

What is the size of Mollscum contagiosum lesions? Where are they seen?

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23
Q

8

What does this describe? “Pearly papules with a central depression whose core may be expressed, producing a white cheesy material.”

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24
Q

8

Describe the atypical form of Molluscum contagiosum in AIDs patients.

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25
Q

8

What are three treatments for Molluscum contagiosum?

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26
Q

9

How is Monkeypox transmitted?

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27
Q

9

What is the incubation period for Monkeypox?

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28
Q

9

Monkeypox is considered a milder form of ______.

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29
Q

9

Where are three places that monkeypox lesions are seen?

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30
Q

9

How long does it take for Monkeypox to resolve?

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31
Q

10

Where does the lesion form for animal poxvirus disease manifestations?

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32
Q

10

How long does it take for animal poxvirus diseases to resolve? Is there scarring?

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33
Q

11

What are two examples of Poxvirus vaccines?

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34
Q

11

What is a live virus used to vaccinate against Smallpox that is a distinct species of Orthopoxvirus?

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35
Q

11

What is a live-attentuated virus vaccine dor Poxvirus that is delivered by sub-cutaneous injection?

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36
Q

11

Poxvirus vacines may prevent disease if given post-exposure within ____ days. May attenuate within ____ days.

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37
Q

12

What are the three alpha herpesviruses?

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38
Q

12

What are the 3 beta herpesviruses?

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39
Q

12

What are the 2 gamma herpesviruses?

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40
Q

13

All members of the herpesvirus family show ____ and cause _______; viral DNA forms ____.

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41
Q

13

What type of DNA is associated with herpesviruses?

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42
Q

13

Where do herpesviruses replicate?

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43
Q

15

What are the two Herpes Simplex Viruses that humans are susceptible to?

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44
Q

15

Where are HSV-1 lesions seen?

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45
Q

15

When is HSV-1 typically acquired?

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46
Q

15

Where are HSV-2 lesions seen?

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47
Q

15

At what ages is HSV-2 acquired?

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48
Q

15

Can HSV-2 be spread without visible lesions?

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49
Q

16

Is Herpes Simplex a lifelong infection?

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50
Q

16

How is HSV-2 transmitted?

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51
Q

17

Do HSV-1 and HSV-2 have a similar pathogenesis?

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52
Q

17

Is transmission of HSV-1 and 2 due to direct or indirect exposure to secretions containing the virus?

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53
Q

17

Genital herpes can be transmitted in the _____ of lesions.

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54
Q

17

Herpes simplex iinfection initiataes in _____ cells.

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55
Q

17

For Herpes Simplex, there is local viremia and establishment of latent infection in _______.

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56
Q

17

Herpes simplex travels by retrograde transport to ______.

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57
Q

17

Which ganglia does HSV-1 travel to? HSV-2?

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58
Q

17

What factors are important for maintaining latency associated with Herpes Simplex?

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59
Q

18

Where does herpes simplex virus go to upon reactivation?

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60
Q

18

Do lesions associated with reactivation of herpes simplex cause scarring once healed?

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61
Q

19

What is the most common reccurent HSV-1 infection that causes fever blisters and cold sores?

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62
Q

19

Herpes labialis vesicles occur on the ________ or _____

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63
Q

19

Herpes labialis lesions crust over in ____ days and heals within _______ days.

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64
Q

19

Herpes labialis can occur throughout the mouth, on the ___, ____, ___, and ____.

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65
Q

19

What is an infection of the oropharynx in young children that causes fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes?

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66
Q

19

What is the disease known as ocular herpes that causes inflammation of the eye, a gritty feeling in the eye, conjunctivitis, a sharp pain, and sensitivity to light?

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67
Q

21

What are 4 symptoms seen in the early parts of Type 2 Herpes infection?

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68
Q

21

Where does latency occur with Type 2 Herpes infection?

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69
Q

21

What are three things that may trigger recurrent bouts of Type 2 Herpes? Are they more or less severe?

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70
Q

22

Are HSV-1 and HSV-2 rare or common in newborns?

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71
Q

22

When can an infant develop neonatal hepres?

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72
Q

22

How does Neonatal Herpes present in newborns?

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73
Q

22

How is the baby delivered if there is a Herpes outbreak in the mother at the time of birth?

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74
Q

23

What are two examples of Miscellaneous herpes infections?

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75
Q

23

How does one get Herpetic whitlow and gladiatorum?

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76
Q

23

What is Gladiatorum associated with?

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77
Q

23

What is a rare complication of herpes but also the. most common sporadic form of viral encephalitis in the US?

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78
Q

24

What are two typical diagnostic signs of herpes simplex?

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79
Q

24

What is the preferred method to diagnose herpes simplex virus?

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80
Q

25

What is the preferred treatment of herpes simplex?

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81
Q

25

What activates Acyclovir specifically?

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82
Q

25

What is the mechanism of Acyclovir?

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83
Q

27

What is the only natural host for Varicella Zoster virus?

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84
Q

27

What are three modes of transmission for Varicella Zoster Virus?

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85
Q

27

Airborne infection of Varicella Zoster Virus is initiated in the ____.

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86
Q

27

Varicella Zoster has a ____ day incubation period and is contagious for ____ days prior to the appearance of a rash.

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87
Q

27

What is Varicella?

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88
Q

27

What does this describe?

Characterized by itchy rash, progresses rapidly from macules to papules to vesicular lesions which crust. Children typically have 2-3 days of fever.

A
89
Q

27

What does this describe?

-Varicella Zoster Virus infection of vaccinated individuals
-Typically afebrile illness with less than 50 lesions

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90
Q

27

Does primary infection with Varicella Zoster virus confer life-long immunity?

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91
Q

27

Where does Varicella Zoster Virus remain latent?

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92
Q

28

What is Zoster?

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93
Q

28

What are four complications of Zoster?

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94
Q

28

What is posteherpetic neuralgia?

A
95
Q

28

What is the treatment for Varicella Zoster?

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96
Q

29

What is the vaccine for Varicella?

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97
Q

29

What is the vaccine for Zoster?

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98
Q

30

Are most infections with Cytomegalovirus symptomatic or asymptomatic?

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99
Q

30

What percent of adults are infected with Cytomegalovirus?

A
100
Q

30

What are 6 secretions that cytomegalovirus can be found in?

A
101
Q

30

Is Cytomegalovirus commonly latent in various tissues?

A
102
Q

30

What are three groups that develop a more virulent form of Cytomegalovirus?

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103
Q

31

What are 5 complications of CMV for newborns?

A
104
Q

31

What can perinatal CMV infection cause?

A
105
Q

31

What are 4 complications of CMV in transplant patients?

A
106
Q

31

What is the name of the acyclovir analog that is more effective against CMV?

A
107
Q

32

What is the etiologic agent of Mono?

A
108
Q

32

Epstein Barr Virus is the “ultimate _____ cell parasite”

A
109
Q

32

What percent of adults have antibodies to Epstein Barr Virus?

A
110
Q

32

EBV is spread through ____, especially _____.

A
111
Q

33

Where does EBV infection initiate?

A
112
Q

33

When does latency of EBV occur?

A
113
Q

34

EBV drives activation and proliferation of what?

A
114
Q

34

How do T cells react to B cell activation and proliferation in EBV?

A
115
Q

35

What are 6 potential CNS complications associated with EBV ?

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116
Q

35

What are 4 potential cancers associated with EBV complications?

A
117
Q

36

Differential blood count of someone with EBV shows _____, _____, and large ________; _______.

A
118
Q

36

What tests are done to detect antibodies and antigen for EBV?

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119
Q

36

Treatment of EBV is directed at relief of symptoms of _____ and ____.

A
120
Q

36

Acyclovir can block EBV _____, but does not affect clinical symptoms of _____.

A
121
Q

36

Disseminated disease associated with EBV may be treated with _______, ____, ____, and ______.

A
122
Q

37

What were Human Herpes Virus 6 and 7 originally known as?

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123
Q

37

How are HHB-6 and HHV-7 transmitted?

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124
Q

37

HHV-6 and HHV-7 cause _____, which is an _____ disease in babies 2-12 months. IT begins with fever, followed by a ________; usually self-limited.

A
125
Q

38

HHV-8 DNA is present in ______.

A
126
Q

38

How is HHV-8/Kaposi Sarcoma spread?

A
127
Q

38

What cells are the primary target of HHV-8?

A
128
Q

38

Where does HHV-8 remain dormant?

A
129
Q

40

What does hepatitis interfere with? What does this cause?

A
130
Q

40

What are the three principle viruses in hepatitis?

A
131
Q

41

Describe the genome for hepatitis B virus.

A
132
Q

41

HBV structure encodes a _____ and replicates through an _______.

A
133
Q

42

Attachment of HBV is mediated by ______, but the mechanism of entry is unknown.

A
134
Q

42

Reverse transcription of HBV synthesize _______. Synthesis of the complementary strand is interrupted by envelopment of nucleocapsid yielding partially _____ + ____. The remaining RNA is degraded in ____.

A
135
Q

43

What is the primary mode of Hepatitis B transmission?

A
136
Q

43

Can Hepatitis B be sexually transmitted?

A
137
Q

43

Hepatitis B virus enters and replicates exclusively in _____, and releases virus back into the blood.

A
138
Q

44

Are most Hep B cases asymptomatic?

A
139
Q

45

With HBV latency, _____DNA can persist in cells in a latent form. This is known as the ______.

A
140
Q

45

Does successful treatment of chronic eBC infection eliminate cccDNA?

A
141
Q

46

How is Hepatitis B typically diagnosed?

A
142
Q

46

What is the treatment for a person exposed or possibly exposed to HBV?

A
143
Q

46

What is the treatment for acute infection of EBV?

A
144
Q

46

What is the treatment for chronic infection of EBV?

A
145
Q

47

What is the primary prevention for Hepatitis B?

A
146
Q

47

What are the two types of Hepatitis B vaccines available?

A
147
Q

49

What are the two parvoviruses known to cause human disease?

A
148
Q

49

What is B19 known as?

A
149
Q

49

Parvoviruses replicate only in ______ cells.

A
150
Q

50

Initial Febrile Stage of Fifth Disease:

  1. Infectious stage with ongoing _____ and release.
  2. ______ production stops for up to 1 week.
  3. _________ symptoms
A
151
Q

50

Second, Immune-Mediated Symptomatic Stage of Fifth Disease

-Antibody response stops viremmia
-Immune complexes form leading to characteristic _______ in kids.
-Adults may present with ____ and _____ in adults.

A
152
Q

50

Hydrop fetalis complication is infection of a ______ mother. The virus can infect the fetus and kill _______ resulting in ____ and ______.

A
153
Q

50

ARe there any viral specific treatments for Fifth Disease?

A
154
Q

50

Is there symptomatic treatment for fifth Disease?

A

Microbiology (15 decks)

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