Exam 5 - Virology 2 Flashcards
1
What are three double stranded enveloped DNA viruses?
1
What are 2 double stranded. non-enveloped DNA viruses?
1
What is one single-stranded non-enveloped DNA virus?
2
Poxviruses produce ______ called ____ that leave scars.
2
What is the largest and most complex animal virus?
2
Poxviruses have the largest genome of all _____ viruses.
2
Poxviruses are single linear dsDNA molecules of _____ kb with hairpins at either end.
2
Where do poxviruses multiply?
2
Poxviruses have specificity for ______ and _____.
2
What are 2 human pox viruses?
2
What is Orthopoxvirus?
2
What is Molluscipoxvirus?
4
Where do poxviruses replicate?
6
Poxviruses are extremely cytopathologic. They inhibit host ___, ___, and ______.
7
What was the first disease to be eliminated by vaccination?
7
What are two ways to be exposed to smallpox?
7
What is the incubation period for smallpox?
7
What are 5 symptoms of smallpox?
7
What does this describe: “highly virulent, caused toxemia, shock, and intravascular coagulation.”
8
Molluscum contagiosum is primarily an infection of ____ in ___ areas.
8
What are two ways Molluscum contagiosum is transmitted?
8
What is the size of Mollscum contagiosum lesions? Where are they seen?
8
What does this describe? “Pearly papules with a central depression whose core may be expressed, producing a white cheesy material.”
8
Describe the atypical form of Molluscum contagiosum in AIDs patients.
8
What are three treatments for Molluscum contagiosum?
9
How is Monkeypox transmitted?
9
What is the incubation period for Monkeypox?
9
Monkeypox is considered a milder form of ______.
9
Where are three places that monkeypox lesions are seen?
9
How long does it take for Monkeypox to resolve?
10
Where does the lesion form for animal poxvirus disease manifestations?
10
How long does it take for animal poxvirus diseases to resolve? Is there scarring?
11
What are two examples of Poxvirus vaccines?
11
What is a live virus used to vaccinate against Smallpox that is a distinct species of Orthopoxvirus?
11
What is a live-attentuated virus vaccine dor Poxvirus that is delivered by sub-cutaneous injection?
11
Poxvirus vacines may prevent disease if given post-exposure within ____ days. May attenuate within ____ days.
12
What are the three alpha herpesviruses?
12
What are the 3 beta herpesviruses?
12
What are the 2 gamma herpesviruses?
13
All members of the herpesvirus family show ____ and cause _______; viral DNA forms ____.
13
What type of DNA is associated with herpesviruses?
13
Where do herpesviruses replicate?
15
What are the two Herpes Simplex Viruses that humans are susceptible to?
15
Where are HSV-1 lesions seen?
15
When is HSV-1 typically acquired?
15
Where are HSV-2 lesions seen?
15
At what ages is HSV-2 acquired?
15
Can HSV-2 be spread without visible lesions?
16
Is Herpes Simplex a lifelong infection?
16
How is HSV-2 transmitted?
17
Do HSV-1 and HSV-2 have a similar pathogenesis?
17
Is transmission of HSV-1 and 2 due to direct or indirect exposure to secretions containing the virus?
17
Genital herpes can be transmitted in the _____ of lesions.
17
Herpes simplex iinfection initiataes in _____ cells.
17
For Herpes Simplex, there is local viremia and establishment of latent infection in _______.
17
Herpes simplex travels by retrograde transport to ______.
17
Which ganglia does HSV-1 travel to? HSV-2?
17
What factors are important for maintaining latency associated with Herpes Simplex?
18
Where does herpes simplex virus go to upon reactivation?
18
Do lesions associated with reactivation of herpes simplex cause scarring once healed?
19
What is the most common reccurent HSV-1 infection that causes fever blisters and cold sores?
19
Herpes labialis vesicles occur on the ________ or _____
19
Herpes labialis lesions crust over in ____ days and heals within _______ days.
19
Herpes labialis can occur throughout the mouth, on the ___, ____, ___, and ____.
19
What is an infection of the oropharynx in young children that causes fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes?
19
What is the disease known as ocular herpes that causes inflammation of the eye, a gritty feeling in the eye, conjunctivitis, a sharp pain, and sensitivity to light?
21
What are 4 symptoms seen in the early parts of Type 2 Herpes infection?
21
Where does latency occur with Type 2 Herpes infection?
21
What are three things that may trigger recurrent bouts of Type 2 Herpes? Are they more or less severe?
22
Are HSV-1 and HSV-2 rare or common in newborns?
22
When can an infant develop neonatal hepres?
22
How does Neonatal Herpes present in newborns?
22
How is the baby delivered if there is a Herpes outbreak in the mother at the time of birth?
23
What are two examples of Miscellaneous herpes infections?
23
How does one get Herpetic whitlow and gladiatorum?
23
What is Gladiatorum associated with?
23
What is a rare complication of herpes but also the. most common sporadic form of viral encephalitis in the US?
24
What are two typical diagnostic signs of herpes simplex?
24
What is the preferred method to diagnose herpes simplex virus?
25
What is the preferred treatment of herpes simplex?
25
What activates Acyclovir specifically?
25
What is the mechanism of Acyclovir?
27
What is the only natural host for Varicella Zoster virus?
27
What are three modes of transmission for Varicella Zoster Virus?
27
Airborne infection of Varicella Zoster Virus is initiated in the ____.
27
Varicella Zoster has a ____ day incubation period and is contagious for ____ days prior to the appearance of a rash.
27
What is Varicella?
27
What does this describe?
Characterized by itchy rash, progresses rapidly from macules to papules to vesicular lesions which crust. Children typically have 2-3 days of fever.
27
What does this describe?
-Varicella Zoster Virus infection of vaccinated individuals
-Typically afebrile illness with less than 50 lesions
27
Does primary infection with Varicella Zoster virus confer life-long immunity?
27
Where does Varicella Zoster Virus remain latent?
28
What is Zoster?
28
What are four complications of Zoster?
28
What is posteherpetic neuralgia?
28
What is the treatment for Varicella Zoster?
29
What is the vaccine for Varicella?
29
What is the vaccine for Zoster?
30
Are most infections with Cytomegalovirus symptomatic or asymptomatic?
30
What percent of adults are infected with Cytomegalovirus?
30
What are 6 secretions that cytomegalovirus can be found in?
30
Is Cytomegalovirus commonly latent in various tissues?
30
What are three groups that develop a more virulent form of Cytomegalovirus?
31
What are 5 complications of CMV for newborns?
31
What can perinatal CMV infection cause?
31
What are 4 complications of CMV in transplant patients?
31
What is the name of the acyclovir analog that is more effective against CMV?
32
What is the etiologic agent of Mono?
32
Epstein Barr Virus is the “ultimate _____ cell parasite”
32
What percent of adults have antibodies to Epstein Barr Virus?
32
EBV is spread through ____, especially _____.
33
Where does EBV infection initiate?
33
When does latency of EBV occur?
34
EBV drives activation and proliferation of what?
34
How do T cells react to B cell activation and proliferation in EBV?
35
What are 6 potential CNS complications associated with EBV ?
35
What are 4 potential cancers associated with EBV complications?
36
Differential blood count of someone with EBV shows _____, _____, and large ________; _______.
36
What tests are done to detect antibodies and antigen for EBV?
36
Treatment of EBV is directed at relief of symptoms of _____ and ____.
36
Acyclovir can block EBV _____, but does not affect clinical symptoms of _____.
36
Disseminated disease associated with EBV may be treated with _______, ____, ____, and ______.
37
What were Human Herpes Virus 6 and 7 originally known as?
37
How are HHB-6 and HHV-7 transmitted?
37
HHV-6 and HHV-7 cause _____, which is an _____ disease in babies 2-12 months. IT begins with fever, followed by a ________; usually self-limited.
38
HHV-8 DNA is present in ______.
38
How is HHV-8/Kaposi Sarcoma spread?
38
What cells are the primary target of HHV-8?
38
Where does HHV-8 remain dormant?
40
What does hepatitis interfere with? What does this cause?
40
What are the three principle viruses in hepatitis?
41
Describe the genome for hepatitis B virus.
41
HBV structure encodes a _____ and replicates through an _______.
42
Attachment of HBV is mediated by ______, but the mechanism of entry is unknown.
42
Reverse transcription of HBV synthesize _______. Synthesis of the complementary strand is interrupted by envelopment of nucleocapsid yielding partially _____ + ____. The remaining RNA is degraded in ____.
43
What is the primary mode of Hepatitis B transmission?
43
Can Hepatitis B be sexually transmitted?
43
Hepatitis B virus enters and replicates exclusively in _____, and releases virus back into the blood.
44
Are most Hep B cases asymptomatic?
45
With HBV latency, _____DNA can persist in cells in a latent form. This is known as the ______.
45
Does successful treatment of chronic eBC infection eliminate cccDNA?
46
How is Hepatitis B typically diagnosed?
46
What is the treatment for a person exposed or possibly exposed to HBV?
46
What is the treatment for acute infection of EBV?
46
What is the treatment for chronic infection of EBV?
47
What is the primary prevention for Hepatitis B?
47
What are the two types of Hepatitis B vaccines available?
49
What are the two parvoviruses known to cause human disease?
49
What is B19 known as?
49
Parvoviruses replicate only in ______ cells.
50
Initial Febrile Stage of Fifth Disease:
- Infectious stage with ongoing _____ and release.
- ______ production stops for up to 1 week.
- _________ symptoms
50
Second, Immune-Mediated Symptomatic Stage of Fifth Disease
-Antibody response stops viremmia
-Immune complexes form leading to characteristic _______ in kids.
-Adults may present with ____ and _____ in adults.
50
Hydrop fetalis complication is infection of a ______ mother. The virus can infect the fetus and kill _______ resulting in ____ and ______.
50
ARe there any viral specific treatments for Fifth Disease?
50
Is there symptomatic treatment for fifth Disease?
