Exam 3 - Lecture 19: The Spirochettes Flashcards
2
The spirochetes are ____, _____, ____-shaped cells.
2
The spirochetes are motile via ______. They insert at the ____ and ____ around the cell.
2
Are spirochetes gram positive or negative?
2
_____ microscopy is the best way to view spirochetes.
3
What are the three groups of spirochetes that are of medical importance?
4
What is the causative agent of syphilis?
4
What is the causative agent of relapsing fever?
4
What is the causative agent of Lyme disease?
4
What is the causative agent of infectious jaundice?
10
How does one acquire symphilis?
10
What percent of syphilis is sexually contracted?
10
Can syphilis be transmitted congenitally?
10
What are the 4 stages of syphilis?
11
Does treponema pallidum survive well outside of the host?
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Are there any reports of genetic manipulation of T. pallidum?
13
Growth of T. pallidum is carried out under ______ conditions.
14
During which stages is syphilis infectious?
14
There is no sexual spread of syphilis beyond _____ post acquisition.
14
What is the age range most affected by syphilis?
14
An infectious patient with syphilis averages ___ contacts and there is ____% transmission.
14
Treponema pallidum divides every ____ hours.
15
The primary stage of syphilis is usually marked by the appearance of a ______ called a _____. This can last for _____ weeks and may heal _____.
15
A chancre is a _____ ulcer with a _____ base and ________ border.
15
The primary stage of syphilis can have __________ lymphadenopathy.
16
What are two characteristics seen in the secondary stage of syphilis?
16
The secondary stage of syphilis may involve ______, ____, or _____ spots both of the _______ and the ______.
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Besides skin rash and mucous membrane lesions, what are two other symptoms associated with the secondary stage of syphilis?
16
At what stage is a person with syphilis most contagious?
16
The secondary stage of syphilis lasts ____ to ______.
17
The latent stage of syphilis damages the _____.
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The early latent period of syphilis is _____ or less, and _______ may reappear.
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The late latent period is _______ years, and it is a _____ that may last a lifetime or result in ______.
18
What are three symptoms of the tertiary stage of syphilis?
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Is the tertiary stage of syphilis infectious?
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What is a gumma in the tertiary stage of syphilis?
19
Treponema pallidum is one of the few microorganisms able to cross the ______.
19
A fetus may be infected with syphilis during the _________ from an infected mother who is either in the primary or secondary stage.
19
In the infant, latent infectious with syphilis has ______ and _____ serology.
19
In early infection of an infant with syphilis, what are 4 symptoms that appear up to the end of the second year of age?
19
What are two lesions seen in late infection of a child with syphilis?
20
What is the only absolute diagnostic test for syphilis? Which stages are viable?
20
What should one look for with immunofluoresence of exudate in lab diagnosis of syphilis?
20
What are two serological tests for T. pallidum? Which is more sensitive and specific?
21
What is the recommended antibiotic for syphilis?
24
All oral spirochettes are in the genus _____.
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Oral treponemes are found in the _____.
24
Oral treponemes can cause lesions of _______ or ______.
24
Oral treponemes travel through _____ environments and migrate within the ______ and penetrate ______ as well as ____.
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Oral Treponemes are involved in _____, _____, and _____.
25
What is Vincent’s angina?
25
Vincent’s angina is caused by a combination of ____ and ____.
25
What are 5 symptoms of Vincent’s angina?
26
In the primary stage of oral syphilis, chancre in the oral cavity occurs in ___% of cases in the lips and tongues and to a lesser extent in the ______ and ____ areas. The lesions heal spontaneously about ____ weeks after appearing.
28 Borrelia burgdorferi is an _____ pathogen.
31
Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, representing the most commonly acquired _______ in the US.
31
B. burgdorferi are transmitted by _____ ticks to a variey of mammalian hosts.
31
B. burgdorferi infection results in a multisystem disorder that includes occurence of ____, ____, and _____.
31
What are four common symptoms of tick-borne diseases?
31
What are 6 specific symptoms of tick-borne disease?
35
What are the 2 lab tests for Lyme disease diagnosis?
immunologic tests and enzyme assays
35
What are 3 treatments for Lyme disease?
36
______ of RF Borrelia can occur within ___ seconds of tick attachment.
38
For diagnosing relapsing fever, _____ is typical, particularly in the underdeveloped and developing countries.
38
When available, serodiagnosis for relapsing fever is done via _____.
38
New York has recently granted approval for a tick-borne RF test produced by IGeneX (_____).
39
What are three symptoms of Relapsing Fever presentation?
40
Relapsing fever recovery occurs in _____, with relapse again in _____.
40
What are two antibiotics used to treat Relapsing Fever?
43
Leptospita interrogans can be carried by ______ such as _____ and ____, and is spread through _____ and ____ contact.
43
L. interrogans infects _____ or ______.
43
What are 4 symptoms of infection with L. interrogans?
43
What is the most common zoonotic infection in the world?
43
What is the diagnostic test for L. interrogans?
43
What are two treatments for L. interrogans?
44
The time between a person’s exposure to a source contaminated with L. interrogans is ____ to ____.
45
Leptospirosis occurs in ____ phases.
45
What are 6 symptoms seen in the first phase of leptospirosis?
45
What may occur in the second phase of leptospirosis?
45
Leptospirosis may last from ____ to _____ or longer. Without treatment, the recovery may take ______.
45
Leptospirosis illness can also be seen in ____
