Exam 3 - Lecture 18: Gram Negative Diplococci - The Neisseriae Flashcards
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What type of bacteria are the Neisseria?
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Do Neisseria have a capsule?
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What shape are the Neisseria? Do they form chains?
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What are the two pathogenic species of Neisseria?
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The Neisseria share ___% of DNA sequences.
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Neisseria grow best in atmospheres with ______.
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What are two examples of complex medium that pathogenic Neisseria require?
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Do Neisseria survive long outside the host?
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Transmission of Neisseria requires ____.
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N. gonorrhoeae are ______ pathogens.
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N. gonorrhoeae attaches to cells in the ___ and ______.
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N. gonorrhoeae is a master at ______. It can occur in a _____ exposure.
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What is the percent chance of transmission of N. gonorrhoeae in males and females?
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____ carriers of N. gonorrhoeae are common.
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Asymptomatic carriers of N. gonorrhoeae are more common in which gender?
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What are three gonococcal virulence factors?
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Pili are play a role in the ______ to host cells.
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Are nonpiliated gonococci virulent?
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Gonoccocal bacteria being masters at antigenic variation protects them against _____.
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Gonoccocal bacteria utilizes phase variation, which turns _____ on and off.
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Gonoccocal virulence factors include ______ proteins. These proteins allow ______ after ____ attach. This mediates _______.
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Gonoccocal bacteria have ____ alleles that are turned on and off in phase variation. This leads to _______ infections.
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What virulence factor is found in the outer membrane of gonococcal bacteria?
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Lipooligosaccharide is similar to LPS in that is has ______.
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Lipooligosaccharide stimulates ______ that causes symptoms.
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Anti-lipooligosaccharide antibodies activate ______.
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Gonococcal bacteria have secretory _______ that breaks the _____.
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Gonococcal bacteria can carry _____ which are involved in ____ resistance.
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In gonococcal invasion, Neisseria attach to ______, reducing the _______ on _____. This prevents the _________, causing the ____ to ___ and _____.
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No. gonorrhoeae invade using their _____. They cause _____ by epithelial cells.
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N. gonorrhoeae multiply _____.
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N. gonorrhoeae are protected from _____ and some ____.
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Gonococcal bacteria are transported to the _____. The _____ and they exit by ____. This allows gonococci to traverse the _____.
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Gonococcal bacteria generally remain ______.
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Acute urethritis occurs in men _____ after exposure.
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What are two symptoms of acute urethritis?
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Can acute urethritis subside without treatment?
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People with acute urethritis may become _____.
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_______ may result from repeated genital tract infections.
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What is the primary site of genital tract infection in women?
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What percent of genital tract infections in women are asymptomatic?
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Pelvic inflammatory disease can occur in ____% of untreated women.
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Pelvic inflammatory disease is infection of the ______, _____, and ______.
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What are three symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease?
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Scarring with pelvic inflammatory disease can cause _____.
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Pelvic inflammatory disease is a major cause of _____ in women.
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Disseminated gonococcal infection can enter ____ and cause disseminated disease/
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Disseminated gonococci must be _____ to survive in blood. The bacteria can attach _____ to lipooligosaccharides to camouflage. They do not activate _____ well.
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Disseminated gonococcal infections develop after ___% of genital infections.
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Disseminated gonoccocal infection are usually due to _____ strains.
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Disseminated gonococcal infection occur in predominately which gender?
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______ deficient hosts are more susceptible to disseminated gonococcal infections.
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What are four systemic signs of disseminated gonococcal infections?
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____% of cases of disseminated gonococcal infections will have rash, and ___% will have arthritis.
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Disseminated gonococcal infections are the most common cause of _____ in sexually active adolescents and adults under 30.
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Does immunity develop after infection with disseminated gonococcal infection?
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____ are found in the secretions and serums of people who have been infected with disseminated gonococcal infections.
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Are there any vaccines for disseminated gonococcal infections?
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For prevention of disseminated gonococcal infection in prostitutes, there is ______ that could increase the ______.
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Is penicillin recommended for gonococcal infection?
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Gonococcal eye infections in newborns can cause ______. _____ can be used to protect newborns’ eyes. Most states require ____ in all baby’s eyes.
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What is a presumptive lab diagnosis for N. gonorrhoeae?
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There are several reliable and sensitive ____ amplification tests available for confirmed N. gonorrhoeae.
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What is the only natural reservoir for N. meningitidis?
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N. meningitidis is a common colonizer of the _____.
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N. meningitidis is transmitted by _____.
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N. meningitidis spreads rapidly in ______.
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How many serogroups are there for N. meningitidis?
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What are two virulence factors for N. meningococcus?
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Does N. meningococcus produce any exotoxins?
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While growing rapidly inside the host, N. meningitidis releases _____ from the ____. The host response to this causes many of the _____.
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Many people are _____ of N. meningitidis.
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N. meningitidis pathogenes involves pili binding to _____ in the ____. Clearance occurs when ____ are produced. Pili is not _____ as for gonococcys.
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Meningococcal diseases often follow ______ by taking advantage of ______ and invading past the _____.
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N. meningitidis passes through ____ to enter the blood. Bacteria in the blood release _____. This causes ___ and the release of _____.
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Meningococcal pathogenesis can lead to ___ damage, _____ within the skin, and death can occur in ____% of cases even with treatment.
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What is a hallmark of meningococcal infection?
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Meningococcal organisms cross to the ____ and _____. The organisms multiply faster than _______.
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What are 4 inflammatory responses in the brain when infected by meningococcal organisms?
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The highest rate of meningococcal infections are seen in children age _____. Before this they are protected by _____.
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There are high rates of meningococcal infections in people with _______ defects.
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Household contacts of patients with meningococcal infection need to be given ______. _____ will not work because it does not eliminate carriage.
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What are 4 symptoms that follow the sudden onset of throbbing headache in meningococcal infection?
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There is a ____% mortality rate for meningococcal infections even with ____.
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What are the two treatment and prevention options for meningococcal infection?
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What are three lab diagnoses for N. meningitidis?
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What are the two antibiotics used for N. meningitidis?
