Exam 4 - 25 Parasites and Protozoa of Clinical Importance

Question 1

3

Does a parasite generally kill the host or not?

Question 2

4

What is a vector?

Question 3

4

What is a reservoir?

Question 4

6

What are four types of nonspecific immunity host responses?

Question 5

6

Are parasites usually or rarely associated with cancer?

Question 6

6

What are two types of specific immunity host responses?

Question 7

7

What is antigenic variation?

Question 8

7

What does a parasite being poorly antigenic mean?

Question 9

7

What are 5 examples of parasitic responses?

Question 10

8

The parasitic organisms important to human health are _____.

Question 11

8

What are the three functional classifications of parasites?

Question 12

9

What are the four groups of protozoa that are infectious to humans?

Question 13

10

Many protozoa can exist in a _____ form or in a _____ form when under adverse conditions.

Question 14

11

What is a Trophozoite?

Question 15

11

What is a Cyst? What does it facilitate?

Question 16

11

What is Excystation?

Question 17

16

What is the transmission for Entamoeba Histolytica?

Question 18

16

Entamoeba Histolytica are transmitted by _____ passed in feces by someone else. The cyst disintegrates in the ____. Amebas go to the ____ and live on ______ and ______.

Question 19

16

Entamoeba histolytica cause ___ and _____ (______).

Question 20

17

Is Crytposporidium worldwide and is it motile or non-motile?

Question 21

17

Crytosporidium species is an epidemic contamination of ______.

Question 22

17

Cryptosporidium is increased in _____, _____, and _____.

Question 23

17

Crytosporidium is spread through ______, since it is found in most _____.

Question 24

18

What is the leading cause of outbreak of diarrhea linked to water and the third leading cause of diarrhea associated with animal contact in the US?

Question 25

18

What are three leading causes of Crytosporidium infection?

Question 26

19

Cryptosporidium is resistant to ______. Removal of these organisms from a water supply requires ______.

Question 27

20

Does trichomonas vaginalis involve a cyst?

Question 28

20

Trichomonas vaginalis is only a _______ parasite.

Question 29

20

Since transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis is by intimate sexual contact, this protozoan needs (or has adapted to) a _____ form only.

Question 30

21

Which protozoa causes malaria?

Question 31

21

What are two ways to get infected by plasmodium?

Question 32

24

What two groups does Toxoplasma gondii infect?

Question 33

24

Transmission of this organism is by inhalation/ingestion of infective oocysts by
grazing animals or from infected cat litter or by ingestion of animal muscle tissue containing pseudocysts (don’t eat steak tartare!).

Question 34

24

What is the definite host of Toxoplasma gondii?

Question 35

25

What kind of symptoms does Toxoplasma gondii lead to?

Question 36

26

What does Trypanosoma Brucei cause?

Question 37

26

What is Trypanosoma brucei transmitted by?

Question 38

26

T. brucei spreads through the bloodstream to the ______.

Question 39

27

What does T. Cruzi cause?

Question 40

27

What is T. Cruzi transmitted by?

Question 41

27

Where does the reduviid bug bite the host?

Question 42

30

Naegleri fowleri is the brain eating amoeba that you can only be infected with through the _____.

Question 43

30

What are the 5 symptoms of Naegleria fowleri that occur 5 days after infection?

Question 44

32

Helminths and arthropods are usually ______.

Question 45

32

Helminths (worms) have an elaborate _____ structure, but they do not have a _____.

Question 46

32

What are three examples of helminths.

Question 47

32

These organisms, such as insects, directly cause disease. Or, they cause disease indirectly as intermediate hosts and as vectors of many infectious agents.

Question 48

33

Helminth adults are usually large enough to be seen by the naked eye. Tapeworms can be up to _____ meters.

Question 49

35

What is the most common helminthic infection worlwide?

Question 50

35

Ascaris lumbricoides is prevalent in areas where _________.

Question 51

35

How is Ascaris lumbricoides transmitted?

Question 52

36

What is the common name for Necator americanus?

Question 53

36

Where are hookworms found and what is required for transmission?

Question 54

36

What is the route of infection for Necator americanus?

Question 55

37

Necator americanus sucks blood from the ____ in the _____.

Question 56

37

What is the effect if only a few Hookworms infect?

Question 57

37

What effect can Necator americanus have on children?

Question 58

38

What is Toxocara canis?

Question 59

38

What is the dead end host of Toxocara canis?

Question 60

38

What organism is this?

-infected when eggs are ingested
-most infections asymptomatic
-larvae invade tissues and make granulomas
-rash, asthma, neurological defects

Question 61

39

What is the common name for Taenia saginata?

Question 62

39

How can one acquire Taenia saginata?

Question 63

40

How are Schistosomes transmitted?

Question 64

40

In the life cycle of Schistosomes, Cercariae are released from ____ and penetrate the skin of people. Adult worms live in the veins and release eggs inot the water. Eggs develop into _____ which then infect _____.

Question 65

41

Which organism can cause liver failure because it releases millions of eggs that remain trapped in the liver, causing extensive damage including liver fibrosis?

Question 66

42

Arthropods are usually _____.

Question 67

42

Is there usually a vector for arthropods?

Question 68

44

Bed bugs at one point disappeated due to ____ use.

Question 69

44

Bed bugs have a bite that is similar to ____.

Question 70

45

A tick will attach itself to its host by inserting ______ and ____ into the skin.