Exam 4 - 25 Parasites and Protozoa of Clinical Importance Flashcards
3
Does a parasite generally kill the host or not?
4
What is a vector?
4
What is a reservoir?
6
What are four types of nonspecific immunity host responses?
6
Are parasites usually or rarely associated with cancer?
6
What are two types of specific immunity host responses?
7
What is antigenic variation?
7
What does a parasite being poorly antigenic mean?
7
What are 5 examples of parasitic responses?
8
The parasitic organisms important to human health are _____.
8
What are the three functional classifications of parasites?
9
What are the four groups of protozoa that are infectious to humans?
10
Many protozoa can exist in a _____ form or in a _____ form when under adverse conditions.
11
What is a Trophozoite?
11
What is a Cyst? What does it facilitate?
11
What is Excystation?
16
What is the transmission for Entamoeba Histolytica?
16
Entamoeba Histolytica are transmitted by _____ passed in feces by someone else. The cyst disintegrates in the ____. Amebas go to the ____ and live on ______ and ______.
16
Entamoeba histolytica cause ___ and _____ (______).
17
Is Crytposporidium worldwide and is it motile or non-motile?
17
Crytosporidium species is an epidemic contamination of ______.
17
Cryptosporidium is increased in _____, _____, and _____.
17
Crytosporidium is spread through ______, since it is found in most _____.
18
What is the leading cause of outbreak of diarrhea linked to water and the third leading cause of diarrhea associated with animal contact in the US?
18
What are three leading causes of Crytosporidium infection?
19
Cryptosporidium is resistant to ______. Removal of these organisms from a water supply requires ______.
20
Does trichomonas vaginalis involve a cyst?
20
Trichomonas vaginalis is only a _______ parasite.
20
Since transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis is by intimate sexual contact, this protozoan needs (or has adapted to) a _____ form only.
21
Which protozoa causes malaria?
21
What are two ways to get infected by plasmodium?
24
What two groups does Toxoplasma gondii infect?
24
Transmission of this organism is by inhalation/ingestion of infective oocysts by
grazing animals or from infected cat litter or by ingestion of animal muscle tissue containing pseudocysts (don’t eat steak tartare!).
24
What is the definite host of Toxoplasma gondii?
25
What kind of symptoms does Toxoplasma gondii lead to?
26
What does Trypanosoma Brucei cause?
26
What is Trypanosoma brucei transmitted by?
26
T. brucei spreads through the bloodstream to the ______.
27
What does T. Cruzi cause?
27
What is T. Cruzi transmitted by?
27
Where does the reduviid bug bite the host?
30
Naegleri fowleri is the brain eating amoeba that you can only be infected with through the _____.
30
What are the 5 symptoms of Naegleria fowleri that occur 5 days after infection?
32
Helminths and arthropods are usually ______.
32
Helminths (worms) have an elaborate _____ structure, but they do not have a _____.
32
What are three examples of helminths.
32
These organisms, such as insects, directly cause disease. Or, they cause disease indirectly as intermediate hosts and as vectors of many infectious agents.
33
Helminth adults are usually large enough to be seen by the naked eye. Tapeworms can be up to _____ meters.
35
What is the most common helminthic infection worlwide?
35
Ascaris lumbricoides is prevalent in areas where _________.
35
How is Ascaris lumbricoides transmitted?
36
What is the common name for Necator americanus?
36
Where are hookworms found and what is required for transmission?
36
What is the route of infection for Necator americanus?
37
Necator americanus sucks blood from the ____ in the _____.
37
What is the effect if only a few Hookworms infect?
37
What effect can Necator americanus have on children?
38
What is Toxocara canis?
38
What is the dead end host of Toxocara canis?
38
What organism is this?
-infected when eggs are ingested
-most infections asymptomatic
-larvae invade tissues and make granulomas
-rash, asthma, neurological defects
39
What is the common name for Taenia saginata?
39
How can one acquire Taenia saginata?
40
How are Schistosomes transmitted?
40
In the life cycle of Schistosomes, Cercariae are released from ____ and penetrate the skin of people. Adult worms live in the veins and release eggs inot the water. Eggs develop into _____ which then infect _____.
41
Which organism can cause liver failure because it releases millions of eggs that remain trapped in the liver, causing extensive damage including liver fibrosis?
42
Arthropods are usually _____.
42
Is there usually a vector for arthropods?
44
Bed bugs at one point disappeated due to ____ use.
44
Bed bugs have a bite that is similar to ____.
45
A tick will attach itself to its host by inserting ______ and ____ into the skin.
