Exam 4 - 26. Fungi and Mycology

Question 1

50

What is a eukaryotic, heterotrophic organism devoid of chlorophyll that obtains its nutrients by absorption, and can reproduce by spores?

Question 2

50

Most fungi have _____ that can be elongated by tip growth.

Question 3

51

How many fungal species are associated with human disease?

Question 4

52

Do fungi have any locomotion structures?

Question 5

52

The cell membrane of fungi contains ____ instead of _____.

Question 6

52

The cell wall of fungi contain _____, long chain polymer of _______, and a derivative of ______.

Question 7

53

Yeasts grow as _____ and reproduce by _____.

Question 8

53

What does this describe?

-multicellular
-filamentous hyphae (with or without septa)
-forming a mass (mycelium)
-reproduce sexually and asexually via spores.

Question 9

53

Dimorphic fungi can switch between ____ and ____ form in response to different evironmental stimuli.

Question 10

54

Capsular polysaccharides of some fungi are _____.

Question 11

54

Fungal proteins elicit strong ____ and ____ cell responses.

Question 12

54

With fungi, ________ immunity is the key determinant in protection.

Question 13

54

What are the four criteria for fungi to establish invasive human infections?

Question 14

55

What individuals can primary fungal pathogens cause disease in?

Question 15

56

In rare cases, opportunistic fungi can cause infection in healthy individuals if ______.

Question 16

56

Fungal Pathogenesis

1. Fungal pathogens adhere to _____.
2. Then, they invade _____.
3. Production of ______.
4. Evasion of the _____.

Question 17

57

What do superfiical mycoses infect?

Question 18

57

What do cutaneous mycoses infect?

Question 19

57

What do subcutaneous mycoses infect?

Question 20

57

What do systemic mycoses infect?

Question 21

57

Systemic mycoses often initially infect the _____ before spreading to other parts of the body.

Question 22

58

What is this?

-chronic, superficial infection of the outer skin

Question 23

58

What organism causes Pityriasis Versicolor?

Question 24

58

What does Pityriasis Versicolor cause?

Question 25

59

What are three genera kown as Dematophytes?

Question 26

59

Cutaneous mycoses only grow within ______

Question 27

59

Cutaneous mycoses make enzymes that degrade _____.

Question 28

59

Cutaneous mycoses are called ____ or ____.

Question 29

60

What does this describe?

-typical ringworm lesions
-clearing, scaly center with raised red edges
-hyphal growth only at edges, expands outwards

Question 30

61

What is the most prevalent dermatophytosis in the US?

Question 31

61

What is the common name for Tinea Pedis?

Question 32

61

What group is Tinea Pedia uncommon in vs. primarily seen in?

Question 33

62

What is Sporotrichotosis due to?

Question 34

62

Where is Sporothrix Schenckii found?

Question 35

62

What disease does Sporothrix Schencnkii cause?

Question 36

64

What is the primary site of infection of dimoprhic systemic mycoses?

Question 37

66

Where is Histoplasmosis endemic?

Question 38

66

Most histoplasmosis infection are ____ and ______.

Question 39

66

Histoplasmosis can form _____ that can disseminate. It can mimic _____.

Question 40

70

What does this describe?

-ubiquitous in soil, plants worldwide
-we contact them frequently and they rarely cause disease
-infection requires profound immunosuppresion
-generally due to inhalation of spores

Question 41

72

What is the most comon Cryptococcus species?

Question 42

72

Cryptococcus neoformans form ______ cells that have undergone huge ______ increase.

Question 43

73

Waht is cryptococcosis isolated from?

Question 44

73

Crytpococcososis is a hallmark infection of _______.

Question 45

73

Mild infection of cryptococcosis begins in the _____.

Question 46

73

Cryptococcosis may go ______ and go into the _____.

Question 47

73

What are three things that Cryptococcossis may mimic?

Question 48

73

What is the mortality rate if Cryptococcosis is untreated?

Question 49

74

Candida is present in the _______ of ___% of healthy people.

Question 50

74

Candida can colonize every niche in the human body and is acommensal of the _______, where maintenance of a stable host-fungus relationship is crucial for avoiding disease.

Question 51

74

Candida is the most prevalent ________ and the third leading cause of _______.

Question 52

74

Infection with this organism is associated with immunosuppresion, diabetes, braod-spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroid use, and denture use.

Question 53

74

Is systemic candidiasis deadly?

Question 54

75

What is the most common candida yeast?

Question 55

76

Which candida species is part of the normal mouth microbiota?

Question 56

76

What are the medications ofr oral candidiasis?

Question 57

76

What does this describe?

Symptoms usually develop suddenly: creamy white, slightly
raised lesions in the mouth — usually tongue or inner cheeks – occasionally the roof of your mouth, gums, tonsils or back of the throat.

Question 58

76

What is ageusia in oral candidiasis?

Question 59

76

In severe cases of oral thrush, the lesions can spread into the ____.

Question 60

78

Candida albicans is a _____ fungus.

Question 61

80

What type of Candida is resistant to multiple antifungal drugs commonly used to treat Candida infections?

Question 62

80

What candida organism does this describe?

-difficult to identify with standard lab methods
-has caused outbreaks in the healthcare setting