Exam 4 - 26. Fungi and Mycology Flashcards
50
What is a eukaryotic, heterotrophic organism devoid of chlorophyll that obtains its nutrients by absorption, and can reproduce by spores?
50
Most fungi have _____ that can be elongated by tip growth.
51
How many fungal species are associated with human disease?
52
Do fungi have any locomotion structures?
52
The cell membrane of fungi contains ____ instead of _____.
52
The cell wall of fungi contain _____, long chain polymer of _______, and a derivative of ______.
53
Yeasts grow as _____ and reproduce by _____.
53
What does this describe?
-multicellular
-filamentous hyphae (with or without septa)
-forming a mass (mycelium)
-reproduce sexually and asexually via spores.
53
Dimorphic fungi can switch between ____ and ____ form in response to different evironmental stimuli.
54
Capsular polysaccharides of some fungi are _____.
54
Fungal proteins elicit strong ____ and ____ cell responses.
54
With fungi, ________ immunity is the key determinant in protection.
54
What are the four criteria for fungi to establish invasive human infections?
55
What individuals can primary fungal pathogens cause disease in?
56
In rare cases, opportunistic fungi can cause infection in healthy individuals if ______.
56
Fungal Pathogenesis
- Fungal pathogens adhere to _____.
- Then, they invade _____.
- Production of ______.
- Evasion of the _____.
57
What do superfiical mycoses infect?
57
What do cutaneous mycoses infect?
57
What do subcutaneous mycoses infect?
57
What do systemic mycoses infect?
57
Systemic mycoses often initially infect the _____ before spreading to other parts of the body.
58
What is this?
-chronic, superficial infection of the outer skin
58
What organism causes Pityriasis Versicolor?
58
What does Pityriasis Versicolor cause?
59
What are three genera kown as Dematophytes?
59
Cutaneous mycoses only grow within ______
59
Cutaneous mycoses make enzymes that degrade _____.
59
Cutaneous mycoses are called ____ or ____.
60
What does this describe?
-typical ringworm lesions
-clearing, scaly center with raised red edges
-hyphal growth only at edges, expands outwards
61
What is the most prevalent dermatophytosis in the US?
61
What is the common name for Tinea Pedis?
61
What group is Tinea Pedia uncommon in vs. primarily seen in?
62
What is Sporotrichotosis due to?
62
Where is Sporothrix Schenckii found?
62
What disease does Sporothrix Schencnkii cause?
64
What is the primary site of infection of dimoprhic systemic mycoses?
66
Where is Histoplasmosis endemic?
66
Most histoplasmosis infection are ____ and ______.
66
Histoplasmosis can form _____ that can disseminate. It can mimic _____.
70
What does this describe?
-ubiquitous in soil, plants worldwide
-we contact them frequently and they rarely cause disease
-infection requires profound immunosuppresion
-generally due to inhalation of spores
72
What is the most comon Cryptococcus species?
72
Cryptococcus neoformans form ______ cells that have undergone huge ______ increase.
73
Waht is cryptococcosis isolated from?
73
Crytpococcososis is a hallmark infection of _______.
73
Mild infection of cryptococcosis begins in the _____.
73
Cryptococcosis may go ______ and go into the _____.
73
What are three things that Cryptococcossis may mimic?
73
What is the mortality rate if Cryptococcosis is untreated?
74
Candida is present in the _______ of ___% of healthy people.
74
Candida can colonize every niche in the human body and is acommensal of the _______, where maintenance of a stable host-fungus relationship is crucial for avoiding disease.
74
Candida is the most prevalent ________ and the third leading cause of _______.
74
Infection with this organism is associated with immunosuppresion, diabetes, braod-spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroid use, and denture use.
74
Is systemic candidiasis deadly?
75
What is the most common candida yeast?
76
Which candida species is part of the normal mouth microbiota?
76
What are the medications ofr oral candidiasis?
76
What does this describe?
Symptoms usually develop suddenly: creamy white, slightly
raised lesions in the mouth — usually tongue or inner cheeks – occasionally the roof of your mouth, gums, tonsils or back of the throat.
76
What is ageusia in oral candidiasis?
76
In severe cases of oral thrush, the lesions can spread into the ____.
78
Candida albicans is a _____ fungus.
80
What type of Candida is resistant to multiple antifungal drugs commonly used to treat Candida infections?
80
What candida organism does this describe?
-difficult to identify with standard lab methods
-has caused outbreaks in the healthcare setting
