Exam 4 - 26. Fungi and Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

50

What is a eukaryotic, heterotrophic organism devoid of chlorophyll that obtains its nutrients by absorption, and can reproduce by spores?

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2
Q

50

Most fungi have _____ that can be elongated by tip growth.

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3
Q

51

How many fungal species are associated with human disease?

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4
Q

52

Do fungi have any locomotion structures?

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5
Q

52

The cell membrane of fungi contains ____ instead of _____.

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6
Q

52

The cell wall of fungi contain _____, long chain polymer of _______, and a derivative of ______.

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7
Q

53

Yeasts grow as _____ and reproduce by _____.

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8
Q

53

What does this describe?

-multicellular
-filamentous hyphae (with or without septa)
-forming a mass (mycelium)
-reproduce sexually and asexually via spores.

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9
Q

53

Dimorphic fungi can switch between ____ and ____ form in response to different evironmental stimuli.

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10
Q

54

Capsular polysaccharides of some fungi are _____.

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11
Q

54

Fungal proteins elicit strong ____ and ____ cell responses.

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12
Q

54

With fungi, ________ immunity is the key determinant in protection.

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13
Q

54

What are the four criteria for fungi to establish invasive human infections?

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14
Q

55

What individuals can primary fungal pathogens cause disease in?

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15
Q

56

In rare cases, opportunistic fungi can cause infection in healthy individuals if ______.

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16
Q

56

Fungal Pathogenesis

  1. Fungal pathogens adhere to _____.
  2. Then, they invade _____.
  3. Production of ______.
  4. Evasion of the _____.
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17
Q

57

What do superfiical mycoses infect?

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18
Q

57

What do cutaneous mycoses infect?

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19
Q

57

What do subcutaneous mycoses infect?

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20
Q

57

What do systemic mycoses infect?

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21
Q

57

Systemic mycoses often initially infect the _____ before spreading to other parts of the body.

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22
Q

58

What is this?

-chronic, superficial infection of the outer skin

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23
Q

58

What organism causes Pityriasis Versicolor?

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24
Q

58

What does Pityriasis Versicolor cause?

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25
Q

59

What are three genera kown as Dematophytes?

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26
Q

59

Cutaneous mycoses only grow within ______

27
Q

59

Cutaneous mycoses make enzymes that degrade _____.

28
Q

59

Cutaneous mycoses are called ____ or ____.

29
Q

60

What does this describe?

-typical ringworm lesions
-clearing, scaly center with raised red edges
-hyphal growth only at edges, expands outwards

30
Q

61

What is the most prevalent dermatophytosis in the US?

31
Q

61

What is the common name for Tinea Pedis?

32
Q

61

What group is Tinea Pedia uncommon in vs. primarily seen in?

33
Q

62

What is Sporotrichotosis due to?

34
Q

62

Where is Sporothrix Schenckii found?

35
Q

62

What disease does Sporothrix Schencnkii cause?

36
Q

64

What is the primary site of infection of dimoprhic systemic mycoses?

37
Q

66

Where is Histoplasmosis endemic?

38
Q

66

Most histoplasmosis infection are ____ and ______.

39
Q

66

Histoplasmosis can form _____ that can disseminate. It can mimic _____.

40
Q

70

What does this describe?

-ubiquitous in soil, plants worldwide
-we contact them frequently and they rarely cause disease
-infection requires profound immunosuppresion
-generally due to inhalation of spores

41
Q

72

What is the most comon Cryptococcus species?

42
Q

72

Cryptococcus neoformans form ______ cells that have undergone huge ______ increase.

43
Q

73

Waht is cryptococcosis isolated from?

44
Q

73

Crytpococcososis is a hallmark infection of _______.

45
Q

73

Mild infection of cryptococcosis begins in the _____.

46
Q

73

Cryptococcosis may go ______ and go into the _____.

47
Q

73

What are three things that Cryptococcossis may mimic?

48
Q

73

What is the mortality rate if Cryptococcosis is untreated?

49
Q

74

Candida is present in the _______ of ___% of healthy people.

50
Q

74

Candida can colonize every niche in the human body and is acommensal of the _______, where maintenance of a stable host-fungus relationship is crucial for avoiding disease.

51
Q

74

Candida is the most prevalent ________ and the third leading cause of _______.

52
Q

74

Infection with this organism is associated with immunosuppresion, diabetes, braod-spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroid use, and denture use.

53
Q

74

Is systemic candidiasis deadly?

54
Q

75

What is the most common candida yeast?

55
Q

76

Which candida species is part of the normal mouth microbiota?

56
Q

76

What are the medications ofr oral candidiasis?

57
Q

76

What does this describe?

Symptoms usually develop suddenly: creamy white, slightly
raised lesions in the mouth — usually tongue or inner cheeks – occasionally the roof of your mouth, gums, tonsils or back of the throat.

58
Q

76

What is ageusia in oral candidiasis?

59
Q

76

In severe cases of oral thrush, the lesions can spread into the ____.

60
Q

78

Candida albicans is a _____ fungus.

61
Q

80

What type of Candida is resistant to multiple antifungal drugs commonly used to treat Candida infections?

62
Q

80

What candida organism does this describe?

-difficult to identify with standard lab methods
-has caused outbreaks in the healthcare setting