Exam 4 - 28. Sterilization and Disinfection

Question 1

3

Death of a microorganism is the ______ of ability to reproduce.

Question 2

4

Does micorbial death occur exponentially or all at once?

Question 3

4

Probability of microbial killing is proportional to the _________ and to the ________.

Question 4

6

What is sterilization?

Question 5

6

What is disinfection?

Question 6

6

What is antisepsis?

Question 7

8

What are the hardest organisms to kill? What are the second hardest?

Question 8

9

What does the suffix -cide mean?

Question 9

9

What are microbistatic agents?

Question 10

10

What are two differing factors in viruses that determine an organisms susceptbility?

Question 11

10

What does mycobacteria have that protects it from some chemicals?

Question 12

12

What are critical items? Do they need to be sterilized?

Question 13

12

What are semicritical items? What kind of disinfectant is needed?

Question 14

12

What are noncritical items? What kind of disinfectants are needed?

Question 15

13

What does this describe?

– contaminated during patient care
– light handles, switches, x-ray equipment
– drawer handles, pens, telephones, doorknobs

Question 16

13

What kind of disinfectant do you need for clinical contact items?

Question 17

13

What kind of disinfectant is needed for clinical contact items?

Question 18

13

What kind of surfaces are floors, walls, and sinks considered? What do you clean them with?

Question 19

14

Are actively growing organisms or cultures more susceptible to killing than an older stagnant one?

Question 20

14

What are two reasons why actively growing organisms are more susceptible to killing than older stagnant ones?

Question 21

15

What are four properties of an organism’s environment that determine its susceptibility?

Question 22

15

Is a thicker or thinner viscosity better for an agent’s action?

Question 23

16

Amount of heat needed to kill ____ as moisture levels increase.

Question 24

16

What temperature and pressure must autoclave material get to for 15 minutes?

Question 25

17 What are three reasons why a dry heat oven is not as good as an autoclave?

Question 26

18 What are the minimum temperature, time, and pressure requirements for sterilization?

Question 27

19 UV light induced _____ in nucleic acids.

Question 28

19 ionizing radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays causes ______ in nucleic acids and ____.

Question 29

20 What does this describe? – substitutes alkyl groups for H+ in nucleic acids and proteins penetrates well – works on wrapped materials – good for heat-sensitive plastics, equipment – very toxic, can explode – requires at least 4-6 h to work + hrs to detoxify

Question 30

21 What chemical group does this describe? – formaldehyde (formalin), glutaraldehyde – cross-link DNA (stops replication), proteins – low cost, no special equipment – requires immersion for 6-10 h at room temp – carcinogenic, causes hypersensitivity – now have formaldehyde gas sterilizers

Question 31

22 What does this describe? – uses vaporized hydrogen peroxide – adds microwave- or radio-frequency energy – produces free radicals that damage nucleic acids g – no toxic byproducts

Question 32

23 What are the two most common alcohol disinfectants?

Question 33

23 What do alcohols do to proteins?

Question 34

23 What concentration of alcohols are needed to disinfect?

Question 35

23 What are three things that alcohols will not sterilize?

Question 36

24 What chemical disinfectant does this describe? – oxidizing agent - inactivates proteins – damages enzymes

Question 37

24 What percent H2O2 is needed to be a high level disinfectant?

Question 38

24 Hydrogen peroxide loses potency during _____.

Question 39

25 What does iodine precipitate?

Question 40

25 What is iodine bound to?

Question 41

26 What does this describe? – disrupt lipid membranes – may be mixed with soaps or detergents – lysol, hexachlorophene, chlorhexidine

Question 42

26 Phenols are toxic for the ____ unless ____ (use at ___%).

Question 43

26 Phenols kill ____, ____, and many ____.

Question 44

26 Do phenols kill bacterial spores?

Question 45

27 What does this describe? – inexpensive, but have to dilute fresh daily – much more effective at acid pH

Question 46

27 Does Chlorine kill HIV and Hepatitis?

Question 47

27 Chlorine is recommended for ____ outbreaks.

Question 48

28 What do detergents do?

Question 49

28 Are detergents best used by themselves or in combination?

Question 50

29 What does this describe? -test efficacy of autoclaves -used also in gas sterilizers

Question 51

29 -change color to indicate effectiveness -place inside packaged materials

Question 52

30 What percent do alcohol based hand sanitizers need to be?

Question 53

30 Are alcohol based hand sanitizers effective against norovirus and C. dif? What about covid?