Exam 4 - 28. Sterilization and Disinfection Flashcards

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1
Q

3

Death of a microorganism is the ______ of ability to reproduce.

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2
Q

4

Does micorbial death occur exponentially or all at once?

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3
Q

4

Probability of microbial killing is proportional to the _________ and to the ________.

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4
Q

6

What is sterilization?

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5
Q

6

What is disinfection?

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6
Q

6

What is antisepsis?

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7
Q

8

What are the hardest organisms to kill? What are the second hardest?

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8
Q

9

What does the suffix -cide mean?

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9
Q

9

What are microbistatic agents?

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10
Q

10

What are two differing factors in viruses that determine an organisms susceptbility?

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11
Q

10

What does mycobacteria have that protects it from some chemicals?

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12
Q

12

What are critical items? Do they need to be sterilized?

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13
Q

12

What are semicritical items? What kind of disinfectant is needed?

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14
Q

12

What are noncritical items? What kind of disinfectants are needed?

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15
Q

13

What does this describe?

– contaminated during patient care
– light handles, switches, x-ray equipment
– drawer handles, pens, telephones, doorknobs

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16
Q

13

What kind of disinfectant do you need for clinical contact items?

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17
Q

13

What kind of disinfectant is needed for clinical contact items?

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18
Q

13

What kind of surfaces are floors, walls, and sinks considered? What do you clean them with?

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19
Q

14

Are actively growing organisms or cultures more susceptible to killing than an older stagnant one?

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20
Q

14

What are two reasons why actively growing organisms are more susceptible to killing than older stagnant ones?

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21
Q

15

What are four properties of an organism’s environment that determine its susceptibility?

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22
Q

15

Is a thicker or thinner viscosity better for an agent’s action?

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23
Q

16

Amount of heat needed to kill ____ as moisture levels increase.

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24
Q

16

What temperature and pressure must autoclave material get to for 15 minutes?

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25
Q

17

What are three reasons why a dry heat oven is not as good as an autoclave?

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26
Q

18

What are the minimum temperature, time, and pressure requirements for sterilization?

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27
Q

19

UV light induced _____ in nucleic acids.

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28
Q

19

ionizing radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays causes ______ in nucleic acids and ____.

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29
Q

20

What does this describe?

– substitutes alkyl groups for H+ in nucleic acids and proteins
penetrates well – works on wrapped materials
– good for heat-sensitive plastics, equipment
– very toxic, can explode
– requires at least 4-6 h to work + hrs to detoxify

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30
Q

21

What chemical group does this describe?

– formaldehyde (formalin), glutaraldehyde
– cross-link DNA (stops replication), proteins
– low cost, no special equipment
– requires immersion for 6-10 h at room temp – carcinogenic, causes hypersensitivity
– now have formaldehyde gas sterilizers

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31
Q

22

What does this describe?

– uses vaporized hydrogen peroxide
– adds microwave- or radio-frequency energy
– produces free radicals that damage nucleic acids
g – no toxic byproducts

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32
Q

23

What are the two most common alcohol disinfectants?

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33
Q

23

What do alcohols do to proteins?

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34
Q

23

What concentration of alcohols are needed to disinfect?

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35
Q

23

What are three things that alcohols will not sterilize?

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36
Q

24

What chemical disinfectant does this describe?

– oxidizing agent - inactivates proteins
– damages enzymes

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37
Q

24

What percent H2O2 is needed to be a high level disinfectant?

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38
Q

24

Hydrogen peroxide loses potency during _____.

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39
Q

25

What does iodine precipitate?

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40
Q

25

What is iodine bound to?

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41
Q

26

What does this describe?

– disrupt lipid membranes
– may be mixed with soaps or detergents
– lysol, hexachlorophene, chlorhexidine

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42
Q

26

Phenols are toxic for the ____ unless ____ (use at ___%).

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43
Q

26

Phenols kill ____, ____, and many ____.

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44
Q

26

Do phenols kill bacterial spores?

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45
Q

27

What does this describe?

– inexpensive, but have to dilute fresh daily
– much more effective at acid pH

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46
Q

27

Does Chlorine kill HIV and Hepatitis?

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47
Q

27

Chlorine is recommended for ____ outbreaks.

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48
Q

28

What do detergents do?

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49
Q

28

Are detergents best used by themselves or in combination?

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50
Q

29

What does this describe?

-test efficacy of autoclaves
-used also in gas sterilizers

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51
Q

29

-change color to indicate effectiveness
-place inside packaged materials

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52
Q

30

What percent do alcohol based hand sanitizers need to be?

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53
Q

30

Are alcohol based hand sanitizers effective against norovirus and C. dif? What about covid?

A