Exam 5 (Spring) Flashcards
A difficult birth is known as what?
Dystocia
During what stage of labor do myometrial contractions begin?
first stage
During what stage of labor do the placental sacs rupture?
second stage
During what stage of labor does the placenta separates from the uterus?
Third stage
What is the normal presentation of the fetus for birth in a uniparous animal?
snout first
What two hormones directly encourage mammary gland growth and development
progesterone and growth hormone
What two hormones prime lactation to begin?
prolactin and growth hormone
Which of the following is a role true about colostrum?
A.) differs from regular milk because it has larger amount of proteins, lipids, and amino acids
B.) acts as a laxative to help pass meconium
C.) has high levels of immunoglobulins to act as the neonate’s immune system for a time
D.) all-of-the-above
all-of-the-above
How long does lactation occur?
continues as long as there is stimulation to the teat
What hormone acts to make let down occur?
oxytocin
Gametes are unique cells due to the fact that:
A. they are diploid and all other cells are diploid
B. they are haploid and all other cells are diploid
C. they reproductive via miosis
D.after division, their daughter cells are considered identical
they are haploid and all other cells are diploid
Where in the testicl does spermatogenesis occur?
seminiferous tubules
Which of the following is true about sperm cells?
A. there is a finite number in the sex organ soon after birth
B. spermatogenesis beings in the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
C. begin with a haploid cell and after meiosis end up with two diploid
D.are produced continuously in large numbers
D.are produced continuously in large numbers
What is the purpose of sertoli cells
A. provide nutritional support to the sperm
B. to provide mechanical support to the sperm
C. neither “a” nor “b”
D. both “a” and “b”
both “a” and “b”
Interstitial cells are under the influence of what hormone?
LH
What structure is a flat, ribbon like structure that lies along the testis?
epididymis
What is unique about the acrosome of spermatozoa?
it has digestive enzymes to assist penetrate the walls of the ovum
The parietal vaginal tunic is which layer of the two tunics of the testis?
thick outer layer
The visceral vaginal tunic is which layer of the two tunics of the testis?
thin inner layer
What is the thick fibrous connective tissue layer that is the capsule underneath the tunics?
tunica albuginea
Which animal has the prostate gland as its only accessory sex gland?
Dog
Which of the following ligaments supports the oviduct?
mesosalpinx
Which of the following ligaments supports the ovary?
mesovarium
Which of the following ligaments supports the uterine body?
A. broad ligament
B. mesometrium
C. mesosalpinx
D. mesovarium
mesometrium
The ovarian cycle is under the influence of what two hormones from the anterior pituitary?
luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
In most species, what rising hormone level caused ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone
After ovulation, what grows in the place of the ruptured follicle?
corpus luteum
Where is the site of fertilization
oviduct
What hormone causes behavioral changes that are seen in the female at the time of estrus?
estrogen
What cells produce estrogen in the reproductive cycle?
granulosa cells
During what stage of the estrous cycle does the lining of the vagina begin undergoing cornification (fertilization)?
Proestrus
Where does the stallion and boar deposit semen?
uterus
Copulation causes the release of what hormone in the female?
oxytocin
What is the biggest change to the sperm cell during capacitation?
change to the acrosome to expose digestive enzymes
The inner gel layer of the ovum is known as the what?
zona pellucida
Once the ovum is fertilized, it is known as a:
zygote
What stage does the fertilized ovum implant?
blastocyte
How does the implanted ovum receive nutrients?
via diffusion
What is the outer most layer of the placenta?
Chorion
What is the inner most layer of the placenta that surrounds the cavity that the fetus floats in?
Amnion
The umbilical artery flows in what direction?
away from fetus towards the mother
What type of mastitis is dangerous to the life of the cow?
Coliform
What placental type is most common for being retained?
cotyledonary
What hormone helps the placenta be passed?
oxytocin
What hormone lyses the corpus luteum if a fertilized ovum is not detected?
prostaglandin F2 alpha
When is the cervix normally open?
A. during estrus
B. during parturition
C. neither a nor b
D. both a and b
both a and b
What is the thickest layer of the uterus?
myometrium
What is the purpose of accessory sex glands?
A. to produce alkaline fluid to protect semen from acidic environment of female tract
B. to produce fructose as an energy source for sperm
C. to produce prostaglandins to stimulate the female tract
D. all of the above
all of the above
What is the smaller erectile tissue bundle in the body of the penis
corpus spongiosum
What is the larger erectile tissue bundle in the body of the penis?
corpus cavernosum
A placentome consists of an area on the surface of the placenta called the
cotyledon
Cowper’s glands are another name for the:
bulbourethral gland
Cryptorchidism refers to a condition of one or more
undescended testes
During what stage of labor does the cervix relax
first stage
During what stage of labor is the fetus delievered?
second stage
During which stage of the estrous cycle do estrogen levels reach their peak?
estrus
During which stage of the estrus cycle can dogs develop a psuedopregnancy?
diestrus
Follicular activation is under the influence of
FSH from the pituitary gland
How many placental sacs surround a fetus during its development?
2
If fertilization is going to happen, where must the spermatozoa be when ovulation takes place?
oviduct
If no pregnancy begins during an estrous cycle, when does the corpus luteum degenerate?
late diestrus
If the diploid chromosome number for an animal is 120 (cow), what is the haploid number of its gametes
60
If the diploid chromosome number of an animal is 38 (cats), what is the diploid number of its offspring?
38
Implantation occurs in the _______ of the uterus
endometrium
In order to fully descend, the tests must pass through the
inguinal ring
Intromission is the term for
insertion of a penis into a vagina
Meiosis occurs
only in reproductive cells
Sexual stimuli in the male results from high levels of _____ in the female
estrogen
Spermatozoa are transported to the oviducts in just minutes due primarily to
uterine contractions
The acrosome of the spermatozoa contains
digestive enzymes
The best way to “untie” a male and female after the male has ejaculated its to
do nothing until it happens naturally
The finger-like projections that make sure the mature female gamete gets caught when it is ovulated are the
fimbriae
The pampiniform plexus is formed from
veins
The primary endocrine cells of the testes are the
interstitial cells
The timing for breeding is controlled by the:
estrous cycle
The two portions of the male urethra are the
pelvic and penile portions
The vas deferens is a continuation of the
tail of the epididymis
Which animal is a polyestrous animals?
A.) bovine cow
B.) equine mare
C.) feline queen
D.) ovine ewe
bovine cow
Which type of placental attachment is seen in dogs and cats
zonary
What is Dr. Mile’s favorite (most funny sounding) name in the male reproductive system?
gubernaculum
According to a specific student (Bobby) in this lecture class, what do female hyenas have anatomically?
A super penis
