Exam 1 (Spring) Flashcards
The left kidney sits where relative to the right kidney?
caudal
What type of epithelium lines the renal pelvis?
Transitional
What hormone works on the DCT and collecting ducts and makes them resorb water?
ADH
What vessels in the kidney have oxygenated blood both entering and leaving them?
Glomerular capillaries
Calcium resorption take place under the influence of what hormone/
parathyroid hormone
What substance is normally 100% resorbed in the pCT?
glucose
How many kidneys does a normal animal have?
2
Macula densa cells monitor what in the kidney?
sodium
Which of the following is NOT found in normal urine?
A.) Glucose
B.) Urea
C.)Bicarbonate
D.) Water
Glucose
What hormone increases reabsorption of Na+ from the distal convoluted tubule?
Aldosterone
Oxygen transfer takes place in the nephron where?
peritubular capillaries
The term for a condition where much urine is being passed is
polyuria
A kidney can lose how much of its functional ability before clinical signs appear
67%
What organ produces and secretes aldosterone
adrenal cortex
Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by:
ACE (Angiotensin converting enzyme)
What is the name for the rhythmic pattern of muscle contractions that move through tubular organs (eg. The GI tract and parts of the urinary tract)?
peristalsis
When the kidney notices hypoxia, it releases what?
erythropoietin
What hormone is released by juxtaglomerular cells in response to decreases blood pressure?
Renin
What is the name of the tuft of capillaries that filters blood?
glomerulus
Where does ADH exert control over water reabsorption?
DCT and collecting ducts
When the bladder is full, stretch receptors send a signal to:
the spinal cord
Micturition is the term for what?
the process of urine production
The functional unit of the kidney is the:
nephron
Where are amino acids reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
The collection chamber for urine in the kidney (in most animals) is the
renal pelvis
Where are the kidneys located?
Cranio-dorsal abdomen in the retroperitoneal space
What is the purpose of microvilli (brush border) on the surface of the epithelial cells lining the PCT?
Increase surface area for reabsorption
How often is urine moved from the kidneys to the bladder?
continuously
What cleaves angiotensinogen into angiotensin I?
Renin
What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder?
Transitional
Where is antidiuretic hormone produced?
Posterior pituitary
What portion of the nephron is found in the renal medulla?
Loop of henle
How many urethra(s) does a normal animal have
1
Glomerular capillaries are a continuation of the
afferent arterioles
What is a great joke to make about the urinary system?
That’s what she said.
What allows for the small molecules in the blood to pass easily through the epithelium during filtration?
fenestrations
The portion of the nephron that is located in the medulla is the:
Loop of Henle
BUN is the measure of:
blood urea nitrogen
Angiotensin II does what?
cause vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone
The term for a condition where no urine is being passed is
anuria
What causes such a high blood pressure in the glomerulus?
difference in the size between the afferent and efferent arterioles
Which of the following is not found in glomerular filtrate, under normal circumstances?
A.) Glucose
B.) Amino Acids
C.) Red Blood Cells
D.) Small molecules
Red Blood Cells
Stones in the bladder are known as what?
uroliths
What keeps the urine moving through the ureters, even when the bladder is full?
perisaltic contractions
What follows Na+ through the active transport channel in sodium cotransport?
glucose and amino acids
When ADH is inhibited/not present, what occurs?
polyuria
The ions hydrogen and bicarbonate work in the kidney to do what?
regulate blood pH
Where are the detrusor muscles found?
Urinary bladder
What species has a kidney with a lumpy surface?
Bovine
What is the correct order of organs of the urinary system from caudal to cranial?
Urethra, urinary bladder, ureters, kidneys
Which of the following is not part of the nephron?
A.) Glomerulus
B.) Loop of Henle
C.) Proximal convolutes tubule
D.) Renal Pelvis
Renal Pelvis
