Exam 3 Flashcards
The cells that secrete the matrix of a bone are:
osteoblasts
Where bones of the skeleton come together to form a joint is know as:
Articulation
Cells responsible for remodeling bone are:
osteoclasts
Cloven hoofed animals are weight bearing on which digits?
3 and 4
The coffin bone of the horse is:
a phalanx
Which of the following ligaments, in a dog, is most likely to rupture
Cranial cruciate ligament
What is the name of the contractile unit of a muscle cell?
sacromere
Myocytes require tremendous amount of ATP to do all the work! Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the use of ATP
ATP is needed for both contraction and relaxation
Mature bone cells communicate with one another via what structure?
canaliculi
Bone is the primary storage site for what important mineral?
calcium
Which one of the following is NOT and irregular bone?
tarsals
Red bone marrow consists primarily of
hematopoietic tissue
Where does the creation of new bone that allows long bones to lengthen as the animal grows take place?
epiphyseal plates
How many thoracic vertebrae does a dog have
13
Which facial bone forms the rostral part of the hard palate
maxillary
What two bones form the zygomatic arch
zygomatic and temporal
Which bones are responsible for warming and humidifying air before it reaches the lungs?
nasal turbinates
What type of muscle controls the movement of an animal’s skeleton
Voluntary striated muscle
Stretching the wall of the small intestines will result in
increased force of visceral smooth muscle contraction
The two major sources of energy for normal muscle metabolism are
glucose and oxygen
Which bone forms the brachium?
humerus
What is the correct order of bones on the thoracic limb starting distally and working proximally?
phalanges, metacarpal bones, carpal bones, radius/ulna, humerus, scapula
The olecranon process is found on what bone?
ulna
Which of the following is a pivot joint?
Antlantoaxial joint
Which bones fuse to make up the acetabulum
ilium, ischium, pubis
Where is calcium stored in the myocyte?
sarcoplasmic reticulum
The main weight-bearing bone of the distal thoracic limb is the
radius
What two bones form the stifle joint?
femur and tibia
The obturator foramina are found on the
pelvis
In which species will you find an os penis?
canine
The movement of an extremity toward the median plane of the boy is
adduction
Where is oxygen stored in the myocyte?
myoglobin
Which of the following is OT a component of the sarcomere?
myoglobin
Hinge joints are capable of only two movements
extension and flexion
The hock is made up of
tarsal bones
The medial malleolus is found on what bone?
Tibia
What ion must be present in the sarcoplasm for skeletal muscle cells to contract?
Ca+
What neurotransmitter initiates contraction of skeletal muscle?
Acetylcholine
Movement of an extremity away from the median plane is:
Abduction
What structure transmits the electrochemical impulse from the sarcolemma to the sarcoplasmic retriculum?
T-tubules
Cardiac muscle differs from skeletal muscle in microscopic appearance due to what?
Branching of muscle fibers
Which of the following is true of smooth muscle cells?
spindle-shaped, non-striated
What hormone prevents hypercalcemia in the blood?
Calcitonin
What initiates the contraction impulse in cardiac cells?
the sinoatrial node
What is the weight bearing bone in the proximal pelvic limb?
Femur
On which bone would you find the greater tubercle?
Humerus
The ungual process is found on what bone
Distal phalanx
A 7 month old male German Shepard presents with lameness and pain when walking. The veterinarian suspects an un-united anconeal process and requests radiographs. What structure should you radiograph?
Elbow
A 4 year old female Yorkie presents with intermittent (only sometimes present) lameness. The veterinarian suspects a medial luxating patella and requests radiographs. What structure should you radiograph?
Stifle
Which of the following structures is present only in young, growing animals
Epiphyseal plates
The cribriform plate is contained in the ____________ bone
ethmoid
The manubrium is found
at the cranial end of the sternum
The foramen magnum is located on the _____________bone
occipital
The external acoustic meatus is located on the _________ bone
temporal
The mandibular symphysis is what type of joint?
cartilagenous
Which of the following best describes cardiac muscle?
involuntary striated muscle
What hormones causes osseous release of calcium to prevent hypocalcemia?
Parathyroid Hormone
Endochondral bone formation takes place in a fetus over a ________ template that is eventually replaced by bone
Cartilage
What type of smooth muscle allows for the fine control for movements like adjusting the size of the pupil?
Multi-unit smooth muscle
What acts as the Z lines for smooth muscle?
Dense bodies
The knee of a horse is made of
Carpal bones
Hematopoietic tissue is found in:
Red bone marrow
What chemical is used to stop the activity of acetylcholine?
Acetylolinesterase
What is the ultimate source of energy to make ATP
catabolism
Which of the following tissue layers are continuous with tendons or aponeuroses?
all the above (endomysium, perimysium, epimysium)
An increase in the angle of a joint is what kind of movement
extension
Which of the following is true about myosin filaments?
They do not fully extend all the way from one Z to the next
The insertion of a muscle:
Is the site that undergoes most of the movement during contraction
Which bone holds all of the “cheek teeth”
Maxilla
Know the ligaments and zones of the muscle
