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Animal Anatomy and Physiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The cells that secrete the matrix of a bone are:

A

osteoblasts

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2
Q

Where bones of the skeleton come together to form a joint is know as:

A

Articulation

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3
Q

Cells responsible for remodeling bone are:

A

osteoclasts

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4
Q

Cloven hoofed animals are weight bearing on which digits?

A

3 and 4

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5
Q

The coffin bone of the horse is:

A

a phalanx

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6
Q

Which of the following ligaments, in a dog, is most likely to rupture

A

Cranial cruciate ligament

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7
Q

What is the name of the contractile unit of a muscle cell?

A

sacromere

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8
Q

Myocytes require tremendous amount of ATP to do all the work! Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the use of ATP

A

ATP is needed for both contraction and relaxation

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9
Q

Mature bone cells communicate with one another via what structure?

A

canaliculi

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10
Q

Bone is the primary storage site for what important mineral?

A

calcium

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11
Q

Which one of the following is NOT and irregular bone?

A

tarsals

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12
Q

Red bone marrow consists primarily of

A

hematopoietic tissue

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13
Q

Where does the creation of new bone that allows long bones to lengthen as the animal grows take place?

A

epiphyseal plates

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14
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae does a dog have

A

13

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15
Q

Which facial bone forms the rostral part of the hard palate

A

maxillary

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16
Q

What two bones form the zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic and temporal

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17
Q

Which bones are responsible for warming and humidifying air before it reaches the lungs?

A

nasal turbinates

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18
Q

What type of muscle controls the movement of an animal’s skeleton

A

Voluntary striated muscle

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19
Q

Stretching the wall of the small intestines will result in

A

increased force of visceral smooth muscle contraction

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20
Q

The two major sources of energy for normal muscle metabolism are

A

glucose and oxygen

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21
Q

Which bone forms the brachium?

A

humerus

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22
Q

What is the correct order of bones on the thoracic limb starting distally and working proximally?

A

phalanges, metacarpal bones, carpal bones, radius/ulna, humerus, scapula

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23
Q

The olecranon process is found on what bone?

A

ulna

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24
Q

Which of the following is a pivot joint?

A

Antlantoaxial joint

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25
Q

Which bones fuse to make up the acetabulum

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

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26
Q

Where is calcium stored in the myocyte?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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27
Q

The main weight-bearing bone of the distal thoracic limb is the

A

radius

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28
Q

What two bones form the stifle joint?

A

femur and tibia

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29
Q

The obturator foramina are found on the

A

pelvis

30
Q

In which species will you find an os penis?

A

canine

31
Q

The movement of an extremity toward the median plane of the boy is

A

adduction

32
Q

Where is oxygen stored in the myocyte?

A

myoglobin

33
Q

Which of the following is OT a component of the sarcomere?

A

myoglobin

34
Q

Hinge joints are capable of only two movements

A

extension and flexion

35
Q

The hock is made up of

A

tarsal bones

36
Q

The medial malleolus is found on what bone?

A

Tibia

37
Q

What ion must be present in the sarcoplasm for skeletal muscle cells to contract?

A

Ca+

38
Q

What neurotransmitter initiates contraction of skeletal muscle?

A

Acetylcholine

39
Q

Movement of an extremity away from the median plane is:

A

Abduction

40
Q

What structure transmits the electrochemical impulse from the sarcolemma to the sarcoplasmic retriculum?

A

T-tubules

41
Q

Cardiac muscle differs from skeletal muscle in microscopic appearance due to what?

A

Branching of muscle fibers

42
Q

Which of the following is true of smooth muscle cells?

A

spindle-shaped, non-striated

43
Q

What hormone prevents hypercalcemia in the blood?

A

Calcitonin

44
Q

What initiates the contraction impulse in cardiac cells?

A

the sinoatrial node

45
Q

What is the weight bearing bone in the proximal pelvic limb?

A

Femur

46
Q

On which bone would you find the greater tubercle?

A

Humerus

47
Q

The ungual process is found on what bone

A

Distal phalanx

48
Q

A 7 month old male German Shepard presents with lameness and pain when walking. The veterinarian suspects an un-united anconeal process and requests radiographs. What structure should you radiograph?

A

Elbow

49
Q

A 4 year old female Yorkie presents with intermittent (only sometimes present) lameness. The veterinarian suspects a medial luxating patella and requests radiographs. What structure should you radiograph?

A

Stifle

50
Q

Which of the following structures is present only in young, growing animals

A

Epiphyseal plates

51
Q

The cribriform plate is contained in the ____________ bone

A

ethmoid

52
Q

The manubrium is found

A

at the cranial end of the sternum

53
Q

The foramen magnum is located on the _____________bone

A

occipital

54
Q

The external acoustic meatus is located on the _________ bone

A

temporal

55
Q

The mandibular symphysis is what type of joint?

A

cartilagenous

56
Q

Which of the following best describes cardiac muscle?

A

involuntary striated muscle

57
Q

What hormones causes osseous release of calcium to prevent hypocalcemia?

A

Parathyroid Hormone

58
Q

Endochondral bone formation takes place in a fetus over a ________ template that is eventually replaced by bone

A

Cartilage

59
Q

What type of smooth muscle allows for the fine control for movements like adjusting the size of the pupil?

A

Multi-unit smooth muscle

60
Q

What acts as the Z lines for smooth muscle?

A

Dense bodies

61
Q

The knee of a horse is made of

A

Carpal bones

62
Q

Hematopoietic tissue is found in:

A

Red bone marrow

63
Q

What chemical is used to stop the activity of acetylcholine?

A

Acetylolinesterase

64
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy to make ATP

A

catabolism

65
Q

Which of the following tissue layers are continuous with tendons or aponeuroses?

A

all the above (endomysium, perimysium, epimysium)

66
Q

An increase in the angle of a joint is what kind of movement

A

extension

67
Q

Which of the following is true about myosin filaments?

A

They do not fully extend all the way from one Z to the next

68
Q

The insertion of a muscle:

A

Is the site that undergoes most of the movement during contraction

69
Q

Which bone holds all of the “cheek teeth”

A

Maxilla

70
Q

Know the ligaments and zones of the muscle

A

Animal Anatomy and Physiology (20 decks)

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