Endocrine System Pt. 4

Question 1

What are gonads

Answer 1

Basically, the reproductive organs

Question 2

What are the female gonads called

Answer 2

ovaries

Question 3

What are male gonads called

Answer 3

testes

Question 4

Where are ovaries located

Answer 4

in the abdomen near the kidneys

Question 5

What do ovaries produce

Answer 5

Female reproductive cells - ova
cyclic hormones

Question 6

What hormones control the ovary

Answer 6

two anterior pituitary hormones - FSH and LH

Question 7

What are the products of the ovaries

Answer 7

Estrogen, progestins, and Relaxin

Question 8

Estrogen is the female sex hormone. There are two types, what are they

Answer 8

Estradiol and Estrone

Question 9

When are estrogens produced

Answer 9

FSH stimulates follicle production
Cells that make the follicles make aand release estrogens into the bloodstream

Question 10

What happens as the follicle grows

Answer 10

Estrogens levels grow as well. Causes estrogen levels to increase more -> causes physical and behavioral changes

Question 11

What does estrogens feedback on the pituitary cause

Answer 11

Causes FSH to decrease and LH to increase

Question 12

What happens when LH gets high?

Answer 12

Ovulations

Question 13

What does progestins do

Answer 13

LH leves stimulate the area where the follicle was - develops a sloid hormone production structure: the corpus luteum

Question 14

What does the CL produce

Answer 14

Produces several progestin hormones

Question 15

What is the principle progestin

Answer 15

Progesterone

Question 16

What does progesterone do

Answer 16

prepares the uterus to recieve and maintain a fertilized follicle

Question 17

When is relaxin produced

Answer 17

late in the pregnancy

Question 18

What does relaxin cause

Answer 18

Causes ligaments around the birth canal to relax - makes it easier for parturition

Question 19

In some species, what else does relaxin help with

Answer 19

mammary development

Question 20

What is relaxin made by

Answer 20

different things

Question 21

Where is the testes

Answer 21

Housed in a nice coin purse - a sac of skin in the inguinal region

Question 22

Each teste is made of what

Answer 22

coiled seminiferous tubules
this is where spermatozoa are made

Question 23

In between the tubules are what kind of cellls

Answer 23

Interstitial cells
these make the male sex hormones

Question 24

What is the interstitial cells stimulated by

Answer 24

LH specifically ICSH

Question 25

What is the main androgen that interstitial cells make?

Answer 25

Testosterone

Question 26

What hormone does the kidney make?

Answer 26

Erythropoietin -> stimulates red blood cell production

Question 27

What stimulates hormone production in the kidney

Answer 27

Hypoxia

Question 28

What hormone is made in the stomach?

Answer 28

Helps make gastric glands make acid and moves stomach contraction -> Gastrin

Question 29

The hormone secretion in the placenta vary by species but have the same general effect

Answer 29

Support and maintain pregnancy

Question 30

Placenta makes small amounts of what two hormones

Answer 30

estrogen and progesterone

Question 31

The placenta makes a significant amount of what?

Answer 31

Chorionic gonadotropin
Mainly the human and the horse - very helpful in pregnancy detection

Question 32

What does the pineal body produce

Answer 32

melatonin - helps cyclic activity in the body

Question 33

What are prostaglandins

Answer 33

Hormone like structures that are made from unsaturated fatty acids
These travel short distances and are sometimes called tissue hormones - only regulate close cells

Question 34

Prostaglandins are produced all over the body and have many different effects

Answer 34

Can influence blood pressure
Renal functions
Clotting factors
Inflammation - E group initiates inflammation
Reproductive functions - Lutalyse