Endocrine System Pt. 4 Flashcards
What are gonads
Basically, the reproductive organs
What are the female gonads called
ovaries
What are male gonads called
testes
Where are ovaries located
in the abdomen near the kidneys
What do ovaries produce
Female reproductive cells - ova
cyclic hormones
What hormones control the ovary
two anterior pituitary hormones - FSH and LH
What are the products of the ovaries
Estrogen, progestins, and Relaxin
Estrogen is the female sex hormone. There are two types, what are they
Estradiol and Estrone
When are estrogens produced
FSH stimulates follicle production
Cells that make the follicles make aand release estrogens into the bloodstream
What happens as the follicle grows
Estrogens levels grow as well. Causes estrogen levels to increase more -> causes physical and behavioral changes
What does estrogens feedback on the pituitary cause
Causes FSH to decrease and LH to increase
What happens when LH gets high?
Ovulations
What does progestins do
LH leves stimulate the area where the follicle was - develops a sloid hormone production structure: the corpus luteum
What does the CL produce
Produces several progestin hormones
What is the principle progestin
Progesterone
What does progesterone do
prepares the uterus to recieve and maintain a fertilized follicle
When is relaxin produced
late in the pregnancy
What does relaxin cause
Causes ligaments around the birth canal to relax - makes it easier for parturition
In some species, what else does relaxin help with
mammary development
What is relaxin made by
different things
Where is the testes
Housed in a nice coin purse - a sac of skin in the inguinal region
Each teste is made of what
coiled seminiferous tubules
this is where spermatozoa are made
In between the tubules are what kind of cellls
Interstitial cells
these make the male sex hormones
What is the interstitial cells stimulated by
LH specifically ICSH
What is the main androgen that interstitial cells make?
Testosterone
What hormone does the kidney make?
Erythropoietin -> stimulates red blood cell production
What stimulates hormone production in the kidney
Hypoxia
What hormone is made in the stomach?
Helps make gastric glands make acid and moves stomach contraction -> Gastrin
The hormone secretion in the placenta vary by species but have the same general effect
Support and maintain pregnancy
Placenta makes small amounts of what two hormones
estrogen and progesterone
The placenta makes a significant amount of what?
Chorionic gonadotropin
Mainly the human and the horse - very helpful in pregnancy detection
What does the pineal body produce
melatonin - helps cyclic activity in the body
What are prostaglandins
Hormone like structures that are made from unsaturated fatty acids
These travel short distances and are sometimes called tissue hormones - only regulate close cells
Prostaglandins are produced all over the body and have many different effects
Can influence blood pressure
Renal functions
Clotting factors
Inflammation - E group initiates inflammation
Reproductive functions - Lutalyse
