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Animal Anatomy and Physiology > Exam 2 (Spring) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (Spring) Flashcards

1
Q

The largest chamber of the ruminant stomach is the

A

rumen

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2
Q

Which cell in the gastric pit secretes gastrin?

A

G cells

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3
Q

Where is bile reabsorbed to be transported to the liver?

A

Ileum

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4
Q

The supporting structure of the jejunum (what suspends it from the abdominal wall) is called what?

A

meso-jejunum

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5
Q

Mucosal folds in the intestines are known as:

A

plicae

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6
Q

The pancreas is located:

A

In the mesentery adjacent to the descending duodenum

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7
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Cranio-dorsal abdomen in the retroperitoneal space

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8
Q

What is the toxic byproduct that is made when protein is broken down?

A

Ammonia

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9
Q

What VFA is the ruminant able to utilize for glucose production?

A

Propionate

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10
Q

In ruminants, the ascending colon is known as the:

A

Right ventral colon

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11
Q

To be transported to the liver, unconjugated bilirubin must be bound to what?

A

Albumin

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12
Q

How many canine teeth does a cat have?

A

4

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13
Q

The position of the esophageal opening in relation yo the tracheal opening in the pharynx:

A

Esophagus is dorsal to the trachea

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14
Q

Which one of the following animals has a dental pad?
A.) Cat
B.) Cow
C.) Dog
D.) Horse

A

cow

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15
Q

What is produced by the microbial breakdown in the horse cecum?

A

Volatile fatty acids

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16
Q

The surface of the tooth that faces the animal’s cheeks is the ___ surface

A

buccal

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17
Q

What is the main function of the large intestines in monogastric animals?

A

absorb water

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18
Q

Where will gluconeogenesis most likely take place in a ruminant

A

liver

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19
Q

Look at pictures and be able to label the parts of a bovine stomach and parts of a monogastric stomach

A
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20
Q

What 2 bones make up the hard palate?

A

Incisive and maxilla

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21
Q

What lobe of the liver touches the right cranial pole of the kidney?

A

Caudate process of the caudate lobe

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22
Q

Glucagon is produced by the:

A

Alpha cells of the exocrine pancreas

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23
Q

Acute ruminal tympany (bloat) results from the accumulation and trapping of gas byproducts of fermentation. What two gases are these?

A

carbon dioxide and methane

24
Q

Where does the bile duct enter the GI tract?

A

duodenum

25
Q

What sphincter controls flow of bile into the duodenum?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

26
Q

The main function of bile is to what?

A

Emulsify fats

27
Q

What volitile fatty acid is the most abundant in the ruminant

A

acetate

28
Q

How many premolar teeth does a dog have on one side?

A

8

29
Q

The line in the equine stomach that separates the non glandular from the glandular stomach is known as:

A

Margo Plicatus

30
Q

Which one of the following species does not have a gall bladder?
A.) bovine
B.) canine
C.) equine
D.) feline

A

equine

31
Q

When bilirubin becomes conjugated in the liver, what is attached to it?

A

glucuronic acid

32
Q

Swallowing happens in three stages. Which stage(s) is/are voluntary and which stage(s) is/are involuntary?

A

Stage one is voluntary; stages two and three are involuntary.

33
Q

Which chamber of the ruminant stomach has mucosa that resembles pages in a book?

A

omasum

34
Q

Insulin is a hormone secreted by the

A

endocrine pancreas

35
Q

The equine cecum is located:

A

right caudal abdomen

36
Q

If you wanted to listen to the activity in the rumen of a cow, where would be the best area to place your stethoscope?

A

left lateral abdominal region

37
Q

Which species of animal uses the cecum as a fermentation chamber?

A

equine

38
Q

The cartilage that makes up part of the laryngeal cartilage and prevents food from being aspirated into the trachea is the:

A

epiglottic cartilage

39
Q

What side of the Micelle is located on the outside?

A

hydrophilic

40
Q

The liver is located just caudal to the

A

diaphragm

41
Q

Another name for swallowing is

A

deglutition

42
Q

The stomach is connected to the abdominal wall by the

A

omentum

43
Q

What type of tooth grows continually throughout most of the life of an animal?

A

radicular hypsodont teeth

44
Q

What happens when you put cows on fresh, green grass?

A

A four foot stream

45
Q

what type of cells are on the vilia of the pilicae of the small intestines

A

simple columnar with microvilli

46
Q

The equine large intestine is deficient in what, due to digestion prior to the fermentation center?

A

Nitrogen

47
Q

The check teeth are the

A

premolars and molars

48
Q

Which type of glandular cells in the stomach secrete pepsonigen?

A

chief cells

49
Q

Specific macrophages in the hepatic lobule are known as what?

A

Kupffer cells

50
Q

How many incisor teeth pairs does a cow have?

A

3

51
Q

What is the effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

A

Lowers blood glucose

52
Q

Which of these is the correct flow of ingesta in the equine colon after leaving the equine cecum?

A

Cecum, right ventral colon, sternal flexure, left ventral colon

53
Q

The stomach is found in the

A

left cranial abdomen

54
Q

The rudimentary tooth horses sometimes develop, is which tooth specifically?

A

Maxillary Premolar 1

55
Q

Which describes the carnivores ascending colon?

A

short and straight

56
Q

The innermost layer of the GI tract is the:

A

Mucosa

57
Q

In the Triadan System for documenting teeth, the canine tooth always ends with which number

A

04

Animal Anatomy and Physiology (20 decks)

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