Exam 3 (Spring) Flashcards
What are the 3 components of the brainstem?
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrains
A polarized neuron in its resting state has:
A.) high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
B.)high sodium and high potassium ion concentrations ouside the cell membrane
C.)high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane
D.)high potassium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
An example of an action controlled by the somatic nervous system is
A.) turning the head
B.) releasing digestive juices
C.) increasing the heart rate
D.) lowering the blood pressure
turning the head
Afferent nerve fibers carry sensation where
toward the CNS
Which part of the diencephalon regulates sensory inputs to cerebrum?
thalamus
The basic, functional units of the nervous system are
neurons
The connective tissue layer that lies directly on the surface of the brain and spinal cord is the
pia matter
What abbreviation for something in the nervous system should be said slowly and clearly, so that it is not confused for reproductive anatomy?
PNS
The parasympathetic nervous system nerves are also known as the
cranial-sacral system
Beta 1 adrenergic work on what specific tissue?
cardiac
In the spinal cord, the small gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent glial cells are called
nodes of Ranvier
What type of reflex causes the extensor muscles on one limb to contract when the flexor muscles on the opposite limb contract?
crossed extensor reflex
The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic system can be described as __________ in length.
is longer that the postganglionic neruron
The part of the CNS that contains the corpus callosum is the
cerebrum
The most primitive part of the CNS is the
brainstem
The stretch reflex is an example of a
monosynaptic ipsilateral reflex arc
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of the blood vessels to the GI tract?
decreases
White matter is made up of
myelinated axons
A depolarized neuron has
A.) High sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane
B.) high potassium ion concentration of the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
C.) high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane
D.) high potassium ion concentration of the inside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane
high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane
Which neurotransmitter is matched incorrectly to the function?
A.) Acetylcholine - can be excitatory or inhibitory
B.) Norepinephrine - rest and digest
C.) Epinephrine - fight or flight
D.) Dopamine - automatic functions
B.) Norepinephrine - rest and digest
Saltatory conduction occurs when a nerve impulse
travels from one node of Ranvier to the next node
A terminal bouton is found
at the end of the telodendron
Hypermetria results from injury to the
cerebellum
A somatic reflex involves
skeletal muscle contraction
The “all-or-nothing” principle means
an entire neuron depolarizes to its maximum strength
The efferent processes of a nerve cell are the
axons
What is referred to as the “mastergland” and helps release hormones throughout the body?
pituitary
What keeps many drugs from readily passing from the blood into the brain?
blood-brain barrier
A reflex arc originates from the/a
sensory receptor
The centers of higher learning and intelligence are found in the
cerebrum
What system is known as the thoracolumbar system?
sympathetic
Which on of the following neurotransmitters is inhibitory only?
A.) acetylcholine
B.) gamma-aminobulyric acid
C.) norepinephrine
D.) dopamine
gamm-aminobulyric acid
Gyri and sulci are found on the surface of the
cerebrum and cerebellum
Which one of the following cranial nerves is a pure sensory nerve?
A.) CN III
B.) CN I
C.) CN IX
D.) CN V
CN I
The period during which a neuron that has generated a nerve impulse cannot generate another is called the
refactory period
Many neurotransmitters are broken down by
enzymes
Which of the following is a monosynaptic reflex?
A.)extensor reflex
B.)withdrawal reflex
C.)stretch reflex
D.) crossed extensor reflex
stretch reflex
When the patellar ligament is tapped, which type of reflex causes the quadriceps muscle to contract, producing a small kick?
stretch reflex
The part of the CNS that contains the hypothalamus is the
diencephalon
The part of the CNS that controls coordinated movement, balance, and posture is the
cerebellum
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of the bronchioles of the lungs?
increases
The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system can be described as _______ in lengyh
is shorter than the postganglionic neuron
The fight-or-flight response to an emergency situation is a specific function of the
sympathetic nervous system
What is the correct order of meninges from outermost to innermost
Dura matter, arachnoid, pia matter
Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic system are considered what type of neurons?
cholinergic neurons
The medulla oblongata is part of the
brainstem
Which cranial nerve is responsible for perception of light and vision
A.) CN II
B.) CN X
C.) CN I
D.) CN IV
CN II
a repolarized neuron had
A.) High sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane
B.) high potassium ion concentration of the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
C.) high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane
D.) high potassium ion concentration of the inside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane
B.) high potassium ion concentration of the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
Which neurotransmitter is only found in the spinal cord?
gamma-aminobutyric acid
A ganglion is a
cluster of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS
The space between a neuron and a target cell is called the
synapse
Which part of the diencephalon is the interface between the nervous system and endocrine system?
hypothalamus
The hole running through the center of the spinal column is the
central canal
the largest part of the brain is the
cerebrum
Nerve cells receive stimuli or impulses through
dendrites
Which part of the diencephalon regulates production and release of hormones throughout the body?
pituitary
Which clinical sign is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?
A.) vasodilation
B.) reduced heart rate
C.) bronchodilation
D.) reduced digestion
reduced heart rate
The three catecholamine neurotransmitters are
norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine
Many excitatory neurotransmitters usually cause ______ influx so that the postsynaptic membrane moves toward threshold and depolarization can begin in a new nerve impulse
sodium ion
If CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) becomes more acidic
the respiratory center will increase the respiratory rate to blow off the acid
Which neurotransmitter is released by a cholinergic neuron?
A.) norepinephrine
B.) dopamine
C.) gamma-aminobulyric acid
D.) acetylcholine
acetylcholine
