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Animal Anatomy and Physiology > Exam 3 (Spring) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (Spring) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 components of the brainstem?

A

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrains

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2
Q

A polarized neuron in its resting state has:
A.) high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
B.)high sodium and high potassium ion concentrations ouside the cell membrane
C.)high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane
D.)high potassium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium concentration on the inside of the cell membrane

A

high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane

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3
Q

An example of an action controlled by the somatic nervous system is
A.) turning the head
B.) releasing digestive juices
C.) increasing the heart rate
D.) lowering the blood pressure

A

turning the head

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4
Q

Afferent nerve fibers carry sensation where

A

toward the CNS

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5
Q

Which part of the diencephalon regulates sensory inputs to cerebrum?

A

thalamus

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6
Q

The basic, functional units of the nervous system are

A

neurons

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7
Q

The connective tissue layer that lies directly on the surface of the brain and spinal cord is the

A

pia matter

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8
Q

What abbreviation for something in the nervous system should be said slowly and clearly, so that it is not confused for reproductive anatomy?

A

PNS

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9
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system nerves are also known as the

A

cranial-sacral system

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10
Q

Beta 1 adrenergic work on what specific tissue?

A

cardiac

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11
Q

In the spinal cord, the small gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent glial cells are called

A

nodes of Ranvier

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12
Q

What type of reflex causes the extensor muscles on one limb to contract when the flexor muscles on the opposite limb contract?

A

crossed extensor reflex

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13
Q

The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic system can be described as __________ in length.

A

is longer that the postganglionic neruron

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14
Q

The part of the CNS that contains the corpus callosum is the

A

cerebrum

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15
Q

The most primitive part of the CNS is the

A

brainstem

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16
Q

The stretch reflex is an example of a

A

monosynaptic ipsilateral reflex arc

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17
Q

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of the blood vessels to the GI tract?

A

decreases

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18
Q

White matter is made up of

A

myelinated axons

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19
Q

A depolarized neuron has
A.) High sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane
B.) high potassium ion concentration of the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
C.) high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane
D.) high potassium ion concentration of the inside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane

A

high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane

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20
Q

Which neurotransmitter is matched incorrectly to the function?
A.) Acetylcholine - can be excitatory or inhibitory
B.) Norepinephrine - rest and digest
C.) Epinephrine - fight or flight
D.) Dopamine - automatic functions

A

B.) Norepinephrine - rest and digest

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21
Q

Saltatory conduction occurs when a nerve impulse

A

travels from one node of Ranvier to the next node

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22
Q

A terminal bouton is found

A

at the end of the telodendron

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23
Q

Hypermetria results from injury to the

A

cerebellum

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24
Q

A somatic reflex involves

A

skeletal muscle contraction

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25
Q

The “all-or-nothing” principle means

A

an entire neuron depolarizes to its maximum strength

26
Q

The efferent processes of a nerve cell are the

A

axons

27
Q

What is referred to as the “mastergland” and helps release hormones throughout the body?

A

pituitary

28
Q

What keeps many drugs from readily passing from the blood into the brain?

A

blood-brain barrier

29
Q

A reflex arc originates from the/a

A

sensory receptor

30
Q

The centers of higher learning and intelligence are found in the

A

cerebrum

31
Q

What system is known as the thoracolumbar system?

A

sympathetic

32
Q

Which on of the following neurotransmitters is inhibitory only?
A.) acetylcholine
B.) gamma-aminobulyric acid
C.) norepinephrine
D.) dopamine

A

gamm-aminobulyric acid

33
Q

Gyri and sulci are found on the surface of the

A

cerebrum and cerebellum

34
Q

Which one of the following cranial nerves is a pure sensory nerve?
A.) CN III
B.) CN I
C.) CN IX
D.) CN V

A

CN I

35
Q

The period during which a neuron that has generated a nerve impulse cannot generate another is called the

A

refactory period

36
Q

Many neurotransmitters are broken down by

A

enzymes

37
Q

Which of the following is a monosynaptic reflex?
A.)extensor reflex
B.)withdrawal reflex
C.)stretch reflex
D.) crossed extensor reflex

A

stretch reflex

38
Q

When the patellar ligament is tapped, which type of reflex causes the quadriceps muscle to contract, producing a small kick?

A

stretch reflex

39
Q

The part of the CNS that contains the hypothalamus is the

A

diencephalon

40
Q

The part of the CNS that controls coordinated movement, balance, and posture is the

A

cerebellum

41
Q

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of the bronchioles of the lungs?

A

increases

42
Q

The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system can be described as _______ in lengyh

A

is shorter than the postganglionic neuron

43
Q

The fight-or-flight response to an emergency situation is a specific function of the

A

sympathetic nervous system

44
Q

What is the correct order of meninges from outermost to innermost

A

Dura matter, arachnoid, pia matter

45
Q

Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic system are considered what type of neurons?

A

cholinergic neurons

46
Q

The medulla oblongata is part of the

A

brainstem

47
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for perception of light and vision
A.) CN II
B.) CN X
C.) CN I
D.) CN IV

A

CN II

48
Q

a repolarized neuron had
A.) High sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane
B.) high potassium ion concentration of the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
C.) high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane
D.) high potassium ion concentration of the inside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane

A

B.) high potassium ion concentration of the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane

49
Q

Which neurotransmitter is only found in the spinal cord?

A

gamma-aminobutyric acid

50
Q

A ganglion is a

A

cluster of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS

51
Q

The space between a neuron and a target cell is called the

A

synapse

52
Q

Which part of the diencephalon is the interface between the nervous system and endocrine system?

A

hypothalamus

53
Q

The hole running through the center of the spinal column is the

A

central canal

54
Q

the largest part of the brain is the

A

cerebrum

55
Q

Nerve cells receive stimuli or impulses through

A

dendrites

56
Q

Which part of the diencephalon regulates production and release of hormones throughout the body?

A

pituitary

57
Q

Which clinical sign is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?
A.) vasodilation
B.) reduced heart rate
C.) bronchodilation
D.) reduced digestion

A

reduced heart rate

58
Q

The three catecholamine neurotransmitters are

A

norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine

59
Q

Many excitatory neurotransmitters usually cause ______ influx so that the postsynaptic membrane moves toward threshold and depolarization can begin in a new nerve impulse

A

sodium ion

60
Q

If CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) becomes more acidic

A

the respiratory center will increase the respiratory rate to blow off the acid

61
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released by a cholinergic neuron?
A.) norepinephrine
B.) dopamine
C.) gamma-aminobulyric acid
D.) acetylcholine

A

acetylcholine

Animal Anatomy and Physiology (20 decks)

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