Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Exam 4 Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Quiz 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Semiconservative DNA replication

A

2 strands make up chromosome, one old, one new

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs)

A

-triphosphates used for energy
-dATP, dTTP, dCTP, dGTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DNA replication is synthesized in the…

A

5’ to 3’ direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

one strands 3’ end attaches to the other strands 5’ end. this requires

A

removal of 2 phosphates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pyrophosphate

A

2 phosphates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

construction of the replisome occurs at

A

the origin of replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

origin of replication

A

-starting point around 250 base pairs
-higher in A:T [ ] bc there is only 2 H bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Identification done by

A

DNA A proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DNA A

A

-up to 40 proteins
-add tension to H bonds so they’re easier to break (via helicase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

helicase

A

breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pulling apart is done by

A

DNA B (helicase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DNA B

A

-pull back/ break apart bonds between nitrogenous bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does helicase use to help

A

DNA C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DNA C

A

helps with loading onto the strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what mode of energy is used when strands are pulled apart

A

ATP hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ATP hydrolysis immediately requires

A

-topoisomerase
-single-stranded binding proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

topoisomerase

A

relieve supercoiling tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

single stranded binding proteins

A

stabilize the single strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what synthesizing machinery is needed

A

DNA polymerase 3 and primase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

DNA polymerase 3

A

-1000 bases/sec
-synthesizes 5’-3’
-use dNTPs
-require template (DNA)
-require primase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what family of DNA polymerase 3 does bacteria use

A

family C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

primase

A

-adds primer
-complimentary
-RNA based
-10 bases long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why is primase needed?

A

DNA polymerase can NOT start de novo, requires a free OH group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

DNA polymerase 3 proofreading capabilities

A

exonuclease activity that works in the 3’-5’ direction can can go back to cut out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

5 total DNA polymerases, what do they do?

A

-2 for DNA replication
-3 for DNA repair

26
Q

DNA replication fork

A

-lagging strand and leading strand

27
Q

-lagging strand

A

-discontinuous
-Okazaki fragments

28
Q

Okazaki fragments

A

-1000-2000 in bacteria
-100 in eukaryotes

29
Q

leading strand

A

continuous

30
Q

replication is ___________

A

bi directional from the replication fork

31
Q

how does bi-directional replication work?

A

as you move further away from the origin of replication, chromosomes will fold down into theta structure

32
Q

Repairing the strands

A

DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase

33
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

-facilitator
-exonuclease activity in 5’-3’
-remove RNA polymerases and fill them back in

34
Q

DNA ligase

A

performs the last phosphodiester linkage

35
Q

Termination of replication

A

Ter sites/Tus protein

36
Q

Ter site

A

-termination site
-opposite of origin of replicaiton
-bound by tus protein

37
Q

tus protein

A

-blocker for when replication forks come through
-prevent messing up
-soften ending component

38
Q

termination of replication ends with _______________________ so we need ____________________

A

2 interlocking chromosomes, topoisomerase IV (to unlink chromosomes)

39
Q

MukBEF

A

pulls the unlinked chromosomes to opposite poles

40
Q

how can E coli replicate faster than their allotted replication time?

A

-multiple levels of replication occurring
-replication is a constant process

41
Q

Bacteria # of replication origins

A

1

42
Q

eukarya # of replication origins

A

many

43
Q

archaea # of replication origins

A

few

44
Q

bacteria direction of origin

A

bidirectional

45
Q

eukarya dirention of origin

A

bidirectional

46
Q

archaea direction of origin

A

bidirectional

47
Q

bacteria composition of DNA polymerase

A

DNA polymerase C

48
Q

eukarya composition of DNA polymerase

A

DNA polymerase B

49
Q

archaea composition of DNA polymerase

A

DNA polymerase B

50
Q

bacteria all other components

A

unique replisome

51
Q

eukarya all other components

A

conserved replication of proteins

52
Q

archaea all other components

A

conserved replication of proteins

53
Q

bacteria end of replication

A

Ter/Tus and topoisomerase IV

54
Q

Archaea end of replication

A

unknown

55
Q

Eukarya end of replication

A

telomerase

56
Q

Plasmids

A

extrachromosomal DNA found in cytoplasm
-double stranded
-circular
-in bacteria and archaea
-non essential for normal growth
-less than 5% of chromosome size
-copy numbers

57
Q

copy number

A

number of plasmids, different amounts of different plasmids (can be between 1-100s)

58
Q

advantages plasmids have for bacteria

A

-carry antibiotic resistance genes
-virulence factors
-bacteriocins against closely related proteins

59
Q

resistance genes

A

usually several different genes against several different antibiotics

60
Q

virulence factors

A

helps bacteria establish an infection via attachment proteins and toxins that damage the host tissue

61
Q

plasmids do not have to…

A

follow normal binary fission methods, replication methods separate from chromosomes

62
Q

rolling circle method

A

-one strand gets nicked leaving a free 3’ OH group and free 5’ phosphate group , DNA polymerase extends from 3’ OH group and works itself around the plasmid and dispenses the 5’ end (dangles) where complimentary strand synthesis occurs

Microbiology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions