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Microbiology > Exam 2 Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Quiz 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Periplasmic flagella

A

Spirochetes

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2
Q

Spirochetes

A

-internal flagella
-amphitrichous (corkscrew motility)

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3
Q

corkscrew motility

A

tufts fold back into the live organism, referred to as axial fibril filament

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4
Q

cell membrane of periplasmic flagella

A

has a paraplasmic space

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5
Q

gliding motility

A
  • slime secretions of polysaccharides
    -helical intracellular protein track: gliding motors and surface adhesion proteins
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6
Q

twitching motility

A

-type IV fimbriae
-the fimbriae reach out, grab, and contract causing a twitching movement

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7
Q

Interaction of bacteria with host cell actin

A

projects the bacteria into the next cell while evading our immune cells

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

dense gelatinous solutions compromised mainly of water and supplemented with dissolved gas, amino acids, sugars, and salts

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9
Q

Nucleoid

A

area of the cell where DNA is aggregated/condensed

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10
Q

Plasmids

A

extrachromosomal pieces of DNA

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11
Q

Ribosomes

A

-sites of protein synthesis
-simple internal structures

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12
Q

Eukaryotic ribosomes

A

60S and 40S, overall 80S

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13
Q

S in ribosomes

A

Svedberg unit: sedimentation rate under acceleration

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14
Q

Prokaryotic ribosomes

A

50S and 30S, overall 70S

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15
Q

MreB prokaryotes

A

microfilaments (actin) Eukaryotes

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16
Q

FtsZ prokaryotes

A

microtubules (tubulin) Eukaryotes

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17
Q

Crescentin (CreS) prokaryotes

A

Intermediate filaments eukaryotes

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18
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

phototrophs that produce food and oxygen for marine and freshwater ecosystems

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19
Q

phototrophs

A

make energy from light

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20
Q

thylakoids

A

-absorb light
-folded sheets of membrane packed with chlorophyll and electron carriers

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21
Q

Carboxysomes

A

Polyhedral, protein-covered bodies packed with the enzyme Rubisco

22
Q

Rubisco

A

CO2 fixation, involved in photosynthesis

23
Q

gas vesicles

A

involved in floating and allows for some movement

24
Q

where are gas vesicles found

A

many planktonic bacteria cell walls and are composed of two proteins

25
Q

Two proteins in the cells walls of planktonic

A

GVpA and GvpC

26
Q

what do GvpA and GvpC form

A

rigid enclosed cylinder that is impermeable to water but freely permeable to gas

27
Q

upward movement

A

create gas vesicles to take in the gas

28
Q

downward movement

A

collapse the gas vesicles

29
Q

Magnetosomes

A

contain magnetite that confers a magnetic dipole to the bacterial cell
-allow bacteria to be pulled along the Earth’s magnetic fields
**motility more than energy

30
Q

cell inclusions

A

storage for energy

31
Q

storage bodies

A

granules of organic or inorganic material that function to store energetic molecules or structural building blocks

32
Q

contents of cell inclusions

A

-poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid
-glycogen
-polyphosphate
-elemental sulfur

33
Q

poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid

A

made when cell has high levels of carbon

34
Q

glycogen

A

made when carbon is in excess

35
Q

elemental sulfur

A

used for energy

36
Q

Endospores

A

great means to surviving harsh environments, only in bacteria not in archea
-really resistant structures to UV, heat, toxic chemicals
-not obligatory

37
Q

two orders of endospores

A

Bacillales -> Bacillis and Clostridiales -> clostridium

38
Q

Clostridium

A

-anthrax
-canned food

39
Q

what does not obligatory mean

A

a big trigger due to loss of macronutrient, leads to sporilation

40
Q

structure of endospore from external to internal

A

-exosporium
-spore coats
-outer spore membrane
-cortex layer
-inner spore membrane
-core

41
Q

exosporium

A

thin protein covering bubble wrap

42
Q

spore coats

A

4-5 protein layer unique to endospores that is resistant and not in vegetative

43
Q

inner spore membrane

A

cells plasma membrane

44
Q

core

A

-metabolically inactive
-bacteria pushing the level of dormancy to extreme
-dehydrated core

45
Q

core dehydration

A

-dipicolinic acid and calcium ions that function together to suck out moisture
-10-25% of water is left

46
Q

Sporulation

A

-triggered by macronutrient
-desiccation more likely
-temperature variability
-cause the phosphorylation of a sporulation factor

47
Q

phosphorylation of a sporulation factor

A

-SpoOA
-leads to sporulation proceeding
-if the bacteria needs nutrients they will kill the neighboring bacteria

48
Q

how do they kill the neighboring bacteria?

A

secreting a toxic protein that lyses nearby cells in which SpoOA has not been activated

49
Q

what is the toxic protein secreted?

A

antitoxin protein so the bacteria doesn’t lyse

50
Q

what is the purpose of sporulation?

A

asymmetric cell division

51
Q

asymmetric cell division gives rise to

A

prespore and mother cell

52
Q

mother cell

A

engulfs/hugs prespore and then leaves outer membrane

Microbiology (20 decks)

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