Exam 4 part 1 Flashcards
BMI formula (Kg):
Weight (kg)/ Height (m^2)
BMI formula (pounds)
Weight (Ib) * (703/height in.^2)
These describe ______:
Over-fatness with adverse health effects
Officially defined as having a body mass index of 30 or higher
Obesity
Body mass Index ranges:
Underweight:
Normal:
Overweight:
Obese:
Underweight = <18.5 Normal = 18.5 - 24.9 Overweight = 25 - 29.9 Obese = greater than or equal to 30.0
__% of the population is overweight or obese and __% of the population is obese
68%
36%
Obesity is __% genetic and __% environment
40%
60%
Obese class 1 range:
Obese class 1 is considered ____ risk for waist circ
30-34.9
high
Obese class 2 range:
Obese class 2 is considered _______ for waist circ
35-39.9
very high risk
Cut-points for waist circumference for men and women
40 inches for men and 35 inches for women
Underweight risks of high waist circ.
normal/low risk
Class 3 obesity range:
class 3 obesity is considered ______ for waist circ
40 or higher bmi
extreme risk
_____: Estimated Energy Requirements (Based on gender, age, physical activity, height and weight)
intake
EER stands for _____ _____ ______ and was established by:
estimated energy requirements
Dietary reference intake comittee
The EER is based on ____, age, _____ ____, and Height and weight
gender
Physical activity
EEE stands for
Estimated energy expenditure
contributors to EEE include:
Energy in foods and beverages
There is/is not an easy way to determine energy expenditure
is not
The body expends approx __-__% BMR
50-65%
How do the following effect BMR? Age? Height? Growth? Body composition?
Age: Youth have higher BMR
Height: Tall people have higher BMR’s (more surface area)
Growth: Children/Pregnant women have higher BMRs
Body Comp: More lean tissue=Higher BMRs
How do the following effect BMR?
Stress:
Environmental temperature:
Fasting/starvation
Stress: Stress hormones raise BMR
Environmental temperature: Adjusting to heat or cold raises BMR
Fasting/starvation: Hormones lower BMR
Thyroxine is:
a Thyroid hormone that regulates BMR
Higher Thyroxine production means lower/higher BMR
Higher
The body speeds up its metabolism by _-__% when you eat (thermic effect of food)
5-10%. so 5-10% of energy is due to this
BMR speeds up by __-__% due to physical activity
20-25%
Benefits of of modest weight lost
Decreased cardiovascular risk
Decreased blood and insulin levels
Decreased blood pressure
Modest weight loss decreases ___ and triglycerides and increases ___
LDL
HDL
Binge eating disorder is different from bulimia nervosa in that:
it doesn’t involve purging
Most people with Anorexia nervosa are _____ class
middle-upper
Which eating disorder is most secretive?
bulimia
Causes of eating disorders include:
Media messages, severe food restriction in dieting, painful emotions about body perception
______:
Growth ceases Normal development falters Loss of lean tissue • decreased metabolism Bones weaken • Risk for osteoporosis Internal organs suffer • Heart chamber diminish in size • Heart muscles become weak and thin • Blood pressure falls Anemia ensues • Due to iron deficiency Brain loses tissue • Nerves cannot function normally Impaired immune response • Alter in blood lipids
Anorexia
\_\_\_\_\_\_: Fluid and electrolyte imbalance • Caused by vomiting Urinary tract infections • Can lead to kidney failure Vomiting • Causes irritation/infection of pharynx, esophagus, and salivary glands; erosion of teeth and dental cavities • Esophagus or stomach may rupture or tear
Bulimia
Bulimia chain of events
Vomiting causes fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Urinary tact infections damages kidneys
______
• Causes irritation/infection of pharynx, esophagus, and salivary glands; erosion of teeth and dental cavities
• Esophagus or stomach may rupture or tear
vomiting
The female triad includes:
Osteoporosis, Amenorrhea (menstreual cessation), and Disordered eating.
________:
Loss of calcium from bones can lead to bone loss, which can lead to stress fractures and osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
causes of death 2000: __% are due to poor diet and physical inactivity, a few more are due to smoking (approx 18%)
15%
Officially obesity is defined as >__% body fat in men under 40 and __% in men over 40.
Defined as >__% in women and __% in women over 40
22%
25%
32%
35%
Goal weight loss in obesity is _-__% that can be maintained for _ months
5-10% and can be maintained for 6 months
