Exam 2 carbohydrates book styudy guide

Question 1

Glucose is the most important _________ in the human body.

Answer 1

monosaccharide

Question 2

Monosaccharides can be converted by the ____ to other needed molecules.

Answer 2

liver

Question 3

____ is the storage form of glucose in plants and is also nutritive for human beings.

Answer 3

Starch

Question 4

_____ is the storage form of glucose in animals and human beings.

Answer 4

Glycogen

Question 5

Human digestive enzymes cannot break the chemical bonds of \_\_\_\_\_
a. carbs
b fiber
c. fat
d. complex carbs
e. proteion

Answer 5

b. fiber

Question 6

Some fiber is susceptible to _______ by bacteria in the colon which isn’t bad

Answer 6

fermentation

Question 7

The _____ and nerve tissues prefer carbohydrate as fuel, and ____ blood cells can use nothing else.

Answer 7

brain

red

Question 8

Intakes of natural/refined carbohydrates should be limited.

Answer 8

refined

Question 9

Soluble _____ dissolve in water, form viscous gels, and are easily fermented by colonic bacteria.

Answer 9

fibers

Question 10

Soluble ______ and products of their fermentation play roles in maintaining the body’s health.

Answer 10

fibers

Question 11

Strucural portions of plant fiber are ______ and are less readily fermented by colonic bacteria.

Answer 11

insoluable

Question 12

Insoluble fibers benefit digestive tract health.

Answer 12

ye so not terrible

Question 13

Foods rich in soluble/insoluable fibers help control blood cholesterol.

Answer 13

soluable

Question 14

Soluble/insoluable fibers are particularly valuable for maintaining intestinal colonies of beneficial bacteria.

Answer 14

soluable

Question 15

Both soluble and insoluble fibers ease elimination by _____ and ______ stools, and maintain digestive tract health.

Answer 15

enlarging

softening

Question 16

Adequate dietary fiber may reduce the risks of _____ and rectal cancers.

Answer 16

colon

rectal

Question 17

Plant foods supply fiber, nutrients, and phytochemicals that may oppose _____ in many ways.

Answer 17

cancers

Question 18

The best fiber sources are ____ foods, and ____ intake should increase along with fiber.

Answer 18

whole

fluid

Question 19

Very-high-fiber all-____ diets can pose nutritional risks for some people.

Answer 19

plant

Question 20

Whole-grain flours retain all edible parts of grain kernels.

Answer 20

ye

Question 21

_____ grain products are less nutritious than whole grains.

Answer 21

refined

Question 22

A main task of the human digestive system is to convert starch and sugars to _____ for absorption.

Answer 22

glucose

Question 23

A diet rich in whole/refined grains is associated with reduced risks of overweight and certain chronic diseases.

Answer 23

whole

Question 24

Other body systems transport and store glucose; all cells can split glucose for energy.

Answer 24

ye

Question 25

In ______ intolerance, the body fails to produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme needed to digest the sugar of milk, leading to uncomfortable symptoms.

Answer 25

lactose

Question 26

People with lactose intolerance or milk allergy need alternatives that provide the nutrients of milk.

Answer 26

ye

Question 27

Without ______, the body is forced to alter its uses of protein and fat.

Answer 27

glucose

Question 28

To help supply the brain with glucose, the body breaks down its protein to make glucose and converts its fats into ketone bodies, incurring ketosis.

Answer 28

when you don’t have a lot of glucose

Question 29

The muscles and liver store glucose as _____; the liver can release glucose from its _____ into the bloodstream.

Answer 29

glucose

glucose

Question 30

The hormones _____ and ______regulate blood glucose concentrations.

Answer 30

insulin

glucagon

Question 31

The liver has the ability to convert glucose into fat, but under normal conditions, most excess glucose is stored as glycogen or used to meet the body’s immediate needs for fuel.

Answer 31

ye

Question 32

The _____ _____ reflects the degree to which a food raises blood glucose.

Answer 32

glycemic index

Question 33

The concept of good and bad foods based solely on the glycemic response is valid/an oversimplification.

Answer 33

an oversimplification

Question 34

Diabetes is a major threat to health and life, and its prevalence is increasing/decreasing.

Answer 34

increasing

Question 35

Diabetes involves the body’s abnormal handling of _____ and the toxic effects of excess ______. (same word)

Answer 35

glucose

glucose

Question 36

Prediabetes/diabetes type 2 silently threatens the health of tens of millions of people in the United States.

Answer 36

Prediabetes

Question 37

Medical tests can reveal current ____ _____ _____ and can detect markers of blood glucose control over previous months.

Answer 37

plasma glucose concentrations

Question 38

Type 1/2 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that attacks the pancreas and necessitates an external source of insulin for its management.

Answer 38

1

Question 39

Inadequate ____ leaves blood glucose too high, while cells remain undersupplied with glucose energy.

Answer 39

insulin

Question 40

Type _ diabetes risk factors make the disease likely to develop, but prevention is possible.

Answer 40

2

Question 41

____ plays a central role in controlling diabetes and the illnesses that accompany it

Answer 41

Diet

Question 42

Regular physical activity, in addition to diet and medication, helps to control ________in diabetes.

Answer 42

blood glucose

Question 43

In _____, blood glucose falls too low; it arises mainly in people with diabetes or other conditions or as a result of medications and is rare among healthy people.

Answer 43

hypoglycemia