Exam 3 Water soluble Flashcards by Cole Ryan

Water soluble vitamins include

Vitamin C, and the B-complex Vitamins

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Water soluble vitamins characteristics

dissolve in water
easily absorbed and excreted
not stored extensively in tissue
seldom reach toxic levels
polar

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Why do water soluble vitamins have higher/lower DRI’s than fat soluble?

higher

because they are not stored in fat, which lowers potential toxicity due to high turnover

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there are _ b vitamins

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All B vitamins effect

metabolism

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B vitamin ____

energy metabolism
heavy nerve cell usage
easily found in diet

Thiamin

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Food sources of thiamin

breads, cereals are enriched

* sunflower seeds, watermelon, black beans

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Thiamin deficiency main disease

BeriBeri (loss of sensation in hands and feet, muscular weakness, abnormal heart action, peripheral swelling-wet berberi)
damage to nerve cells basically

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B vitamins
_______:
*energy metabolism
*helps release energy from CHO, protein, fat
*used to make the coenzyme FAD
*highly sensitive to UV light (keep out of sun)
-reason why opaque containers in milk

Riboflavin

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Riboflavin is used to make _____ and highly sensitive to ____ _____

FAD

UV light

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Food sources of riboflavin include

Food sources

milk
green vegetables
enriched and whole grain breads and cereals

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Riboflavin deficiency symptoms

no particular disease associated with it

* tongue, skin, eyes and digestive system may be effected (wherever rapid cell turnover is present)

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Riboflavin toxicity is ______

unknown

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______:

function
used in energy metabolism along with thiamin and riboflavin
used to make NAD

Niacin

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Niacin makes _____

NAD

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Niacin can/cannot be made in the body, additionally it’s found in animal products/plant products

can

animal

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Niacin deficiency is known as ____ and has the following symptoms:

Pellagra “rough skin”

Causes:
scaly rash/dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death

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We know about niacin toxicity because they tried to:

lower blood fat levels by supplmenting niacin

Synthetic forms cause flushing and pain

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niacin toxicity causes

niasin flush

neruopathy

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B vitamins ____ and _____ ___ are very similar

Biotin

Pantithenic acid

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____ / _____ ___ functions

energy metabolism
biotin: coenzyme in CHO, fat, and pro digestion
associated with coenzyme A (used in aerobic metabolism) and stimulates growth

biotin pantithenic acid

Bitoin produces

coenzymes for digestion

Biotin and Pantithenic acid toxicity

none

B6 functions include

Amina acid and Hemoglobin synthesis

B6 helps regulate _____ _____

blood glucose

B6 assists in releasing stored ______ from _____

glucose | glycogen

B6 deficiency has ______ symptoms that include

general - weakness - irritability - insomnia - weakened immune response

B6 is found ______, _____, and animal/plant sources

Potatoes Bananas animal

B6 toxicity was discovered trying to treat

pre-menstruel syndrome

B6 can cause

neuropathies or paralysis in extreme cases

Vitamin B12 functions:

Enables folate to get into cells and helps maintain myelin sheath

___ functions * enables folate to get into cells * helps maintain sheath around nerve cells

B12

Folate is ___'s partner in crime

B12

Intrinsic factor is used to digest ___

B12

B12 has ___ toxicity

_____: Function - helps synthesize DNA, needed for rapidly growing tissues (tongue, blood, eyes) * most vulnerable to interactions with medications * essential for fetal growth

Folate

Folate mostly comes from

foliage | fortified grains

____ is very important for pregnant women and lack of it can cause neural tube defects

Folate

Toxicity: _____ * high ____ can mask b12 deficiency causing the nerve damage of B12 deficiency to continue - high folate used to treat anemia, could cause more nerve damage * UL for synthetic forms only - includes fortified foods and supplemen

folate

Folate prevents these 2 things in birth defects

spina bifida (spine sticks out) -anencephaly (incomplete development of brain, strange head)

Vitamin __ * functions production and maintenance of village. * enhances immune response - does not prevent colds * assists in iron absorption (prevents oxidation) * antioxidant - collogen is precursor to bone tissue and key component to connective tissue

Vitamin C does/does not prevent colds

does not

Vitamin C is a major ______

antioxidant

You need __ mg of vitamin __ to prevent scurvy

10 | C

generalFood sources of -Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid

Grains

general Food sources of -folate, vitamins A, and C

Vegetables

general Food sources of: -vitamins A and C

Fruit

general Food sources -Niacin, B6, and B12

Protein

general Food sources: Vitamin E

Fats and oils

Functions of ____ * solvent - dissolves amino acids, glucose and minerals needed by cells (water soluables) - most compartments are water based in the body * chemistry - part of cells, tissues and organs - participates in chemical reactions * carrier - carries nutrients needed by cells - re Ives waste from body (lymph) - water in blood known as plasma * temperature regulation - swear to regulate body temperature - thermoregulates within body

water