Exam 3 Water soluble Flashcards
Water soluble vitamins include
Vitamin C, and the B-complex Vitamins
Water soluble vitamins characteristics
- dissolve in water
- easily absorbed and excreted
- not stored extensively in tissue
- seldom reach toxic levels
- polar
Why do water soluble vitamins have higher/lower DRI’s than fat soluble?
higher
because they are not stored in fat, which lowers potential toxicity due to high turnover
there are _ b vitamins
8
All B vitamins effect
metabolism
B vitamin ____
- energy metabolism
- heavy nerve cell usage
- easily found in diet
Thiamin
Food sources of thiamin
- breads, cereals are enriched
* sunflower seeds, watermelon, black beans
Thiamin deficiency main disease
BeriBeri (loss of sensation in hands and feet, muscular weakness, abnormal heart action, peripheral swelling-wet berberi)
damage to nerve cells basically
B vitamins
_______:
*energy metabolism
*helps release energy from CHO, protein, fat
*used to make the coenzyme FAD
*highly sensitive to UV light (keep out of sun)
-reason why opaque containers in milk
Riboflavin
Riboflavin is used to make _____ and highly sensitive to ____ _____
FAD
UV light
Food sources of riboflavin include
Food sources
- milk
- green vegetables
- enriched and whole grain breads and cereals
Riboflavin deficiency symptoms
- no particular disease associated with it
* tongue, skin, eyes and digestive system may be effected (wherever rapid cell turnover is present)
Riboflavin toxicity is ______
unknown
______:
- function
- used in energy metabolism along with thiamin and riboflavin
- used to make NAD
Niacin
Niacin makes _____
NAD
Niacin can/cannot be made in the body, additionally it’s found in animal products/plant products
can
animal
Niacin deficiency is known as ____ and has the following symptoms:
Pellagra “rough skin”
Causes:
scaly rash/dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death
We know about niacin toxicity because they tried to:
lower blood fat levels by supplmenting niacin
Synthetic forms cause flushing and pain
niacin toxicity causes
niasin flush
neruopathy
B vitamins ____ and _____ ___ are very similar
Biotin
Pantithenic acid
____ / _____ ___ functions
- energy metabolism
- biotin: coenzyme in CHO, fat, and pro digestion
- associated with coenzyme A (used in aerobic metabolism) and stimulates growth
biotin pantithenic acid
Bitoin produces
coenzymes for digestion
Biotin and Pantithenic acid toxicity
none
B6 functions include
Amina acid and Hemoglobin synthesis
B6 helps regulate _____ _____
blood glucose
B6 assists in releasing stored ______ from _____
glucose
glycogen
B6 deficiency has ______ symptoms that include
general
- weakness
- irritability
- insomnia
- weakened immune response
B6 is found ______, _____, and animal/plant sources
Potatoes
Bananas
animal
B6 toxicity was discovered trying to treat
pre-menstruel syndrome
B6 can cause
neuropathies or paralysis in extreme cases
Vitamin B12 functions:
Enables folate to get into cells and helps maintain myelin sheath
___ functions
- enables folate to get into cells
- helps maintain sheath around nerve cells
B12
Folate is ___’s partner in crime
B12
Intrinsic factor is used to digest ___
B12
B12 has ___ toxicity
no
_____: Function
- helps synthesize DNA, needed for rapidly growing tissues (tongue, blood, eyes)
- most vulnerable to interactions with medications
- essential for fetal growth
Folate
Folate mostly comes from
foliage
fortified grains
____ is very important for pregnant women and lack of it can cause neural tube defects
Folate
Toxicity: _____
- high ____ can mask b12 deficiency causing the nerve damage of B12 deficiency to continue
- high folate used to treat anemia, could cause more nerve damage
- UL for synthetic forms only
- includes fortified foods and supplemen
folate
Folate prevents these 2 things in birth defects
spina bifida (spine sticks out)
-anencephaly (incomplete development of brain, strange head)
Vitamin __
- functions production and maintenance of village.
- enhances immune response
- does not prevent colds
- assists in iron absorption (prevents oxidation)
- antioxidant
- collogen is precursor to bone tissue and key component to connective tissue
C
Vitamin C does/does not prevent colds
does not
Vitamin C is a major ______
antioxidant
You need __ mg of vitamin __ to prevent scurvy
10
C
generalFood sources of -Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid
Grains
general Food sources of -folate, vitamins A, and C
Vegetables
general Food sources of: -vitamins A and C
Fruit
general Food sources -Niacin, B6, and B12
Protein
general Food sources: Vitamin E
Fats and oils
Functions of ____
- solvent
- dissolves amino acids, glucose and minerals needed by cells (water soluables)
- most compartments are water based in the body
- chemistry
- part of cells, tissues and organs
- participates in chemical reactions
- carrier
- carries nutrients needed by cells
- re Ives waste from body (lymph)
- water in blood known as plasma
- temperature regulation
- swear to regulate body temperature
- thermoregulates within body
water
