Exam 2 chap 5 Flashcards
Lipids provide and store energy, cushion vital organs, insulate against temperature extremes, form cell membranes, transport fat-soluble substances, and serve as raw materials.
ye
Lipids provide abundant food energy in a small package, enhance aromas and flavors of foods, and contribute to satiety.
ye
The body combines _____ fatty acids with one _____ to make a triglyceride, its storage form of fat.
three
glycerol
Fatty acids in food influence the _____ of fats in the body.
composition
____ ____ are energy-rich carbon chains that can be saturated (filled with hydrogens) or monounsaturated (with one point of unsaturation) or polyunsaturated (with more than one point of unsaturation).
Fatty acids
The degree of _______ of the fatty acids in a fat determines the fat’s softness or hardness.
saturation
Phospholipids play key roles in cell membranes.how?
they have selective permeability
_____ play roles as part of bile, vitamin D, the sex hormones, and other important compounds.
Sterols
Plant sterols in foods inhibit _______ absorption.
cholesterol
In the _____, fats separate from other food components.
stomach
In the ____ ______, bile emulsifies the fats, enzymes digest them, and the intestinal cells absorb them.
small intestine
______ and short-chain fatty acids travel in the bloodstream unassisted.
Glycerol
Other lipids need special transport vehicles—the ________—to carry them in watery body fluids.
lipoproteins
____ fats act like saturated fats in the body.
Trans
Meats account for a large proportion of the hidden solid fat in many people’s diets.
ye
satureated/unsat fat is solid
sat
The chief lipoproteins are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL.
ye
High blood LDL/HDL and low blood LDL/HDL are major heart disease risk factors.
LDL
HDL
______ fat and trans fat intakes raise blood cholesterol.
Saturated
Dietary_______ seems to have little effect on blood cholesterol in most people.
cholesterol
_____ of the essential fatty acids are virtually unknown in the United States and Canada.
Deficiencies
The essential fatty acids fall into two chemical families: omega-_ or omega-_ fatty acids.
6
3
The omega-6 family of polyunsaturated fatty acids includes _____acid and ______ acid.
linoleic
arachidonic
The omega-3 family includes ______ acid, ____, and ____
linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA
___ and ____ may play roles in disease prevention, brain communication, and human development.
EPA
DHA
Many people should/should not increase their seafood consumption.
should
Supplements of omega-3 fatty acids are/are not recommended.
are not
______ oils become more saturated when they are hydrogenated
Vegetable
_______ vegetable oils are useful, but they lose the health benefits of unsaturated oils
hydrogenated
The process of hydrogenation creates ____-fatty acids.
trans
Trans fats act like ______ fats in the body.
saturated
____ account for a large proportion of the hidden solid fat in many people’s diets.
Meats
